Nutrition (any title that you will choose Essay

Nutrition (any title that you will choose - Essay Example It is undeniable that the government cares substantially about public nutrition and economics related to this aspect. Technically, nutrition refers to the science of food materials, and the role of food substances in a human body. Nutrition is not only concerned with food consumption but also revolves around understanding utilization of food matter within the body (Arlene 56). Areas of interest include the role of nutrients in health, and identification of diseases and medical problems resulting from dietary factors. This essay seeks to examine the relationship between nutrition and economics, especially from a governmental perspective. As mentioned earlier, nutrition has a close link with health aspects of diseases. Conventionally, cancer is associated with smoking of cigarette and use of unsaturated fats in frying foods. In addition, obesity derives its roots from excess intake of calories, and can lead to medical complications like heart attack. Clinically, fruits and vegetables tends of extend individual’s lives by approximately 5 years. Based on these facts, one can appreciate the fact that dietary patterns can either cause diseases or promote health improvement. Nutrition maintains health by preventing diseases. In fact good nutrition can reduce the increasing death rate associated with cancer and heath attack. Despite having great benefits, all members of the public will not consume fruits as a means of deterring nutrition related diseases. This means that there are numerous factors affecting nutrition. Common factors include economics, especially the aspect of income levels, politics and sociology am ong others. In developed countries like Canada, duties of the national government include responding to matters of public health. The government formulates health policies and implements intervention programs during public health emergencies. Economically, the government pays for treatment costs of its citizens,

Romeo and Juliet essay Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet essay Essay Marco has shown him whose boss and Eddie does not like it. This scene is also left in the audience because the curtain then closes, so this is the picture put into their heads last. A Scene of triumph, a scene of warning, it says dont mess with me, or my brother! Because I will always win. Millers stage directions are also very important here. This is why A View from the Bridge is a play and not a book. The audience need to see Marcos face of warning and Eddies grin vanish as he realises whats just happened. This would not be written effectively enough for the audience to understand this is such a dramatic action in the play. Because to a reader this seems like another game, like there still getting a long fine. But the stage directions his chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head. These stage directions show that this is no longer a fun family game, but a competition and a threat. We open again; Alfieri makes the audience aware that Rodolfo and Catherine are alone, for the first time. In this scene we can clearly see that Eddie has got to her he has Catherine anxious and scared that Rodolfo might only want his papers. She starts by questioning him, whether or not he would be willing to relocate back to Italy if the circumstances allow it. Suppose I want to live in Italy. Rodolfo thinks that Catherine is joking as he says you going to marry somebody rich? Then Catherine quickly shows him she is not joking No I mean live there- you and me (His smile vanishing) Rodolfo becomes disappointed in Catherine as she is taking Eddies words to heart. Thy continue their conversation and Catherine brings up the real problem, Im afraid of Eddie here. Rodolfo is so angry not at Catherine, but Eddies poisonous words that have corrupted his loves mouth. He gets angry you think I would carry on my back the rest of my days a women I didnt love just to be an American? this rhetorical question hives effect to the sentence. It leaves Catherine with no choice but to say no and to agree. And unwisely this leads to a large fall in Eddies status. Theres nobody here now, come inside. ( He leads her towards the bedroom) At this point Eddie appears and he is drunk. Already the audience can see that this is a recipe for disaster. Catherine and Rodolfo are in the bedroom, and Eddie is drunk, so not quite able to control himself. When he sees Rodolfo and Catherine come out of the bedroom, he is angry. As any father would be if in his situation, but Eddie is angry for a different reason, he is jealous of Rodolfo. Pack it up. Go ahead. Get your stuff and get outa here. When Catherine makes a move to go with Rodolfo, Eddie is angry and takes what he wants. He doesnt ask, he just takes it. (He reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, and as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth. This disgusting and selfish move from Eddie only causes more problems. He has just forced the girl he raised like a daughter to kiss him. It is at this point we as the audience truly learn of Eddies true desires. Then the ironic line follows. Stop that! Have respect for her! Rodolfo is now demanding respect, but for Catherine. After Eddies countless demands that Rodolfo doesnt respect him or Catherine the roles have now reversed and it is Eddie needing told. Then Eddie takes it all as a joke and kisses Rodolfo as well. Eddie has taken it to far by now. And he is almost at a point where he cannot climb back up to the top. You can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole that a word that you gave a way. Eddie had almost reached this point, where a million dollars would be easier to get back than his respect. He snitched on his whole family I want to report something. Illegal immigrants. Two of them. Eddies respect has gone. Theres no way of retrieving it now. His name, his family this is a huge step in the scale, telling on his own family and ruining their lives. In this play Eddie becomes very selfish, I want my name he says this like someone has taken it from him, when he has taken it from himself. You used to be different when he is the one that has clearly changed. Beatrices line IM no different shows us that every one is noticing the change in Eddie now. Is Eddie the victim? No he is not. Eddie is the culprit through and through this play, and now every one knows it. When the immigration officers come, Beatrice knows straight away. Oh, Jesus, Eddie. oh, my God, my God What did you do? Eddie denies it, but everyone knows, Catherine knows, Beatrice knows, Marco knows, Rodolfo knows, even the neighbourhood knows, Eddie Carbone is a traitor to his family. A guy do a thing like that, hows he gonna show his face? And o add insult to injury, Marco points him out in front of every one. That one! I accuse that one! he is too disgusted to use his name, but just points. He killed my children! That one stole the food from my children! Miller uses this line because he is showing the audience this is it. The end. Marco will go back to Italy, to no work and no money to feed his family. Eddie, who once helped, killed his family. Eddie should be humbled, he should be quiet. He has accomplished hat he wanted. But he is still hung over about his name. Only blood is good? Beatrice tries to tell Eddie that Marco comes in peace; he wants this to be over. But Marco is beyond kissing Eddies hand. Ad Eddie is beyond letting him. In both these stubborn mens eyes there is only malice and hatred. Te only way to solve this, is to confront it like a man. Eddie Carbone! shouting his name is almost a challenge, Eddie repeats his name three times, as though confirming that it is HIS name, and he wants it. Maybe hes come to apologize, heh Marco? For what you said to me in front of the whole neighbourhood? Wipin the neighbourhood with my name like a dirty rag! I want my name Marco! his next step has he lunges for Marco looks as though he is going to physically take his name from Marco. When it is irretrievable. But Marco shows his strength again another step in Eddies decline. Animal! You go on your knees to me! The tears are in Eddies eyes. Everyone knows he has taken it too far, even him. But he cannot quit now. He lunges towards Marco as Marco flips the blade and delivers a fatal blow. Eddie has gone. He is not Eddie anymore. He lost himself trying to get what he wanted to most. His inappropriate love for Catherine was his downfall. Mans jealously over powered him and no one could help him come back. He finally gives up on his deathbed he appears as though he is going to tell B of, why did you let this happen then he dies in her arms, with the words My B! He loves B but it is to late now. Alfieris closing statement reminds us of the beginning, Most of the time we settle for half, and I like it better. If Eddie Carbone had settled for his half, Catherine and Rodolfo would have been happily married, Marco would have enough money to go to his family and Eddie and Beatrice would continue to love. Eddie would have respect. But he was greedy; he wanted the whole apple not just a bite. This story does not have a happy ending, as you would expect it to. It leaves us guessing, but Eddies greed incapacitates those around him. The audience is left with no doubt in their minds at what happens next. And they cant help thinking; this is not a story that has never happened before. This tale happens all over the world, men take what the want and give nothing back. And yet, it is better to settle for half, it must be! And so I mourn him- I admit it- with a certain alarm! Abigail Craig-A View From the Bridge Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

scuss the variety of dramatic effects achieved in the three speeches :: English Literature

Discuss the variety of dramatic effects achieved in the three speeches of your choice, and consider what they reveal about the characters of each speaker In his plays, Pinter uses long speeches quite frequently, aiming to achieve numerous forms of emotional effects. In The Caretaker, a play about down-and-outs in a flat in West London, the characters often speak at length, relating their opinions, thoughts and random events from their pasts. The three individuals in this play are very different in their styles of discourse. Despite the fact that they are all in a motivational rut, they all have different approaches to their ambitions. Davies, the itinerant tramp, is the hate icon. He represents all the deficiencies of human nature, in that he is conniving, backstabbing, scheming and, where he can get away with it, obnoxious. Although he is only accommodated because of Aston’s generosity, he quickly tries to assume as much power in the flat as possible. He makes several monologues, each revealing some new unpleasant trait about his character. The audience are increasingly appalled by the complete lack of scruples he displays. On page 95, he demonstrates a capacity for abuse that very exaggerated. He is alone in the room with Mick, and perversely angry about what he sees as a lack of generosity in Aston. â€Å"He don’t give me no knife!† he whines, selfishly, as though any host is obliged to provide their guests with a bread-knife. Later on in the play, he rants at Aston for failing to â€Å"slip me a few bob,† despite the fact that Aston gives him five shillings. At the start, he displays such a degree of ignorance and paranoia that the audience have to laugh at just what an absurd character he is. â€Å"What about this gas stove? He tells me it’s not connected. How do I know it’s not connected? Here I am, I’m sleeping right with it, I wake up in the middle of the night, I’m looking right into the oven, man!...I could be lying there in bed, it might blow up, it might do me harm!† Despite his boastful fabrication of a former life of luxury and comfort – â€Å"I’m no stranger to beds† – he is ridiculously afraid of a disconnected gas stove. The fact that he ignores Aston’s reassurances indicates that he is also very stubborn. He then launches into one of his typical, vague invectives. â€Å"I told him about them Blacks using the lavatory. I told him, it was all dirty in there, all the banisters were dirty, they were all black, all the lavatory was black.† For all his racist bravado, and hateful,

A Battle to Your Death Essay

Advertisements for medications have been filling the pages of magazines ever since the first pharmaceutical companies have been synthesizing drugs. Since the late 1800’s, consumers have been exposed to medication advertised the same way that a company might push a new detergent to buyers. Heated debates have exploded in regards to drug advertisements, coming to head in recent years with attempts by government officials to limit the amount of ads that sell medication (â€Å"National Conference†). While one may look back on drug advertisements from fifty years ago and laugh because they seem elementary, they influenced members of society and they continue to do so to this day. Despite the obvious positive affects of pharmaceutical drugs, the constant bombardment of drug advertising has a negative affect on consumers at large. All through history, there have been people destined to heal. A cornerstone of medicine, from the earliest shaman to the now graduating medical school class, has been the drugs used to treat illness. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay The advent of modern medicine, beginning in 1938, has seen a major expansion of prescription drugs (Tomes 627). Because medication has become such a large part in most people’s lives, pharmaceutical businesses have evolved. Not only do medication companies care about profits, but also they are also concerned with the safety and effectiveness of their drugs. These companies need a way to get these compounds out of the public, and they accomplish this in a way not possible for other businesses. Big Pharma – the term used to refer to major drug companies – uses two different types of advertising to reach the public (Sidiqi). What people see on the TV, the commercials for things such as Restless Leg Syndrome or Bipolar Disorder, is termed direct-to-consumer advertising, or simply DTCA. This is a common tactic for all businesses, including big pharma. However, unlike other products, medications are restricted in that they need to be prescribed by a physician. Everyone is able to go to the store to buy the new detergent on television, but not everyone can get the medication advertised on the television. Drug companies have a unique way of dealing with this problem – in addition to advertising to consumers, doctors are also targeted. Physicians are approached in hospitals much like one is approached by a car salesman – high-pressure tactics, quick talking and glossing over negative facts while playing up the positive. Detail men – representatives of each individual pharmaceutical organization (Silverman)– have several ways in order to â€Å"sell† their drug to a physician. Free lunches, vacations and various office supplies inscribed with the drug company’s logos are used as gimmicks in an effort to make doctors â€Å"side† with a pharmaceutical company – therefore making the physician prescribe their medication over another. With the advent of direct-to-consumer advertisement, people are constantly bombarded with messages and warning concerning their health. Seeing an ad for a new medication makes one contemplate their own health: â€Å"Am I eating well? † or â€Å"Should I quit smoking? †Ã‚   Although all forms of drug advertisements may have deleterious effects, DTCA may, with a small part of the population, serve to make people more aware of their health. With the arrival of websites such as WebMD, patients may also use the Internet in order to discover information significant to wellness. Although most want pharmaceutical companies to run philanthropically, they are subject to the same follies of any other industry. Money runs countries and economies, and in order to stay afloat, the pharmaceutical industry must focus their attention to profits. While big pharma gets a return of 14% profit (compared to 5% for the majority of Fortune 500 companies), those extra profits are used for research into new medication, in essence, going right back to the consumer (Tomes 630). Scientists and researchers cost a lot – therefore, drug companies must financially support research into new lines of medication. Most people work and live in such a way to attain better living conditions. The drive to increase wealth improves the medical community. Just like every market, drug companies try to make better products in order to out sell their competition – the idea being the best product â€Å"wins† in the market. If one medication is proven to be better than another, then the â€Å"losing† drug company will pour money into research to generate more sales. While new medications are being produced because of a laissez-fair market, many want government to step in. One of the biggest issues in this election year is socialized health care. More people than ever are focusing on the health of the impoverished. On more and more medication commercials, one sees or hears things such as â€Å"Having trouble paying for your medications? Astra-Zeneca can help. †Ã‚   Government officials, doctors and drug companies are beginning to cater to, and help save the lives of, the poor. Imagine for a moment, this scenario: A construction worker hurts herself outside the job. She does not quality for workman’s compensation because the accident did not occur on the clock, but she is in so much pain she cannot go back to work. Sitting in the free clinic (she cannot afford anything better – her construction firm does not offer affordable health insurance), a doctor sees her into the room. The doctors leaves the room, after assuring her that her injury is not serious, with an armful of medication – anti-inflammatories, pain killers and muscle relaxers to help. Pharmaceutical companies hand out free medications to physicians in order to help sell their product (Goodman, 232). What’s the difference between Tide, a company that makes laundry detergent, and Lilly, a company that makes prescription medication? One will get your clothes clean – the other will save your life. Drug companies demand that they be treated just as any other industry in regards to advertising to the public (â€Å"National Conference†). Big Pharma markets to both doctors and patients, trying to influence both to choose their medication over another. Both forms of advertising – pushing drugs on doctors and DTCA – are detrimental to public health and safety. Detail men are everywhere in the health care field. Walk into a hospital, a free clinic or a private doctors office, one thing remains the same – the tissue boxes, the pens and the clipboards. All these simple office supplies are â€Å"donated† from a drug company, bearing their insignia. While one may think it is only the new doctors, the ones that are not well versed in medicine quite yet, are the only ones that will actually be swayed by detail men, study after study proves this false. All physicians, old and new, are susceptible to this phenomenon (Goodman, 236). The implications for this can be disastrous. A close look at Vioxx details what happens when doctors listen to drug companies and not science. The more money spent on a medication, the more likely the medication will be prescribed (Goodman 237). Such is the case with Vioxx and Celebrex, a new class of anti-inflammatory drug called COX-2. Both of these drugs have lead to many deaths, massive recalls and suits from patients. Why would such a dangerous medication prescribed to patients? Shouldn’t the doctors know better? In 1999, the year that both drugs were released, a total of $4. 4 billion dollars was spent on advertising these drugs to both doctors and consumers. This advertising, â€Å"lead to overuse of these new and expensive drugs† (Schneider 140). Doctors and patients both accepted these new COX-2 medications, and there was no foresight into the dangers of this medication. Advertising, coupled with apathetic doctors, lead to hundreds of deaths. DTCA has its pitfalls as well. The use of advertisements on the Internet, television and the radio has drastically changed the doctor-patient relationship (Weber 172). No longer do people go to the doctor for advice. Rather, after looking on WebMD and deciding they have X disease, and seeing on television a drug to treat said disease, the patient storms into the doctors office, demanding a medication for a self-diagnosed disease (Weber 172). A layman cannot doctor himself and expect a healthy, good result. It leads only to misdiagnosis, unneeded medication and perhaps death. Stated earlier, drug companies have a fourteen percent profit margin, in contrast to Fortune 500 firms that make an average five percent profit. That means that drug companies make nine percent more in profits than some of the biggest companies in the world. Even one percent equals billions of dollars that pads the wallets of big pharma. Drugs are like candy in this country – â€Å"Americans apparently consume more prescription drugs than their counterparts in other developed nations, roughly twice as many per person as Europeans† (Tomes 630). As well as consuming more prescription drugs that any other developed country by two fold, Americans are the last to support poor nations with drugs to treat â€Å"AIDS, malaria, and other deadly diseases† (Tomes 632). That extra nine percent – billions and billions of dollars in extraneous profit – could be used to further the health of, not only this country, but also the entire world. The construction worker mentioned earlier benefited from free drugs. She could not afford them, but thanks to the population’s altruistic friends at big pharma, she received them free. Proponents would like people to believe this fallacy in order to keep their most successful way to advertise drugs – through doctors – alive. All social groups, not only the uninsured or poor, receive free medication. Experts have proven over and over that free medications does not help the poor as much as big pharma would like the public to believe (â€Å"Drug Samples,† â€Å"Free Drug Samples†). Pharmaceutical companies care only about patients when they are ill. This means big pharma wants more sick people, because sick people equal profit. Medicine corporations, besides not helping the poor, target against them. Because they cannot pay for medication, â€Å"the patterns [the researchers] found indicate that pharmaceutical firms may be directing their samples to physicians and clinics least likely to care for the uninsured† (â€Å"Drug Samples†). The purpose of those free hand outs is simple. No company will ever distribute free product, especially when that product needs to come in installments to be effective. If a doctor has a few days worth of medication, he is more likely to prescribe that medication to the patient out of convenience for both. For example, assume that someone comes into a doctor’s office with a cold, demanding relief. Whether or not the cold can be remedied by any medication (most colds are viral, and cannot be cured by antibiotics), the doctor, instead of educating the annoying, pushy patient, gives the him a box of medication in order to at least mentally sedate them. Free drugs are ways for pharmaceutical companies to get their medications prescribed. If a doctor has a box of a few pills to give to a patient in the office, he will prescribe the same medication (Wolfe 1). If the medication is once-a-day for X amount of days, and the doctors picks the medication of which he has a sample, that equals quite a big profit for the company. The so-called philanthropic free medication is just another marketing ploy for increased profits. While modern medicine depends on the positive effects of pharmaceutical medication, the non-corporal influences of prescription drugs has a largely harmful effect on society as a whole. Advertising life or death can never have a positive outcome. Drug companies manipulate the public in their advertising to doctors and patients. Next time you are at the doctor’s office, just think – has the treatment you are receiving been scripted by a man in a suit, offering your doctor a free lunch in exchanged for your health? Works Cited â€Å"Drug Samples Seen as Unlikely to Reach Poor or Uninsured. †Ã‚   Medpage Today. 4 January 2008. 2 November 2008. . â€Å"Free Drug Samples May Put Children at Risk. †Ã‚   Medpage Today. 6 October 2008. 2 November 2008. . Goodman, Bob. â€Å"Do Drug Company Promotions Influence Physician Behavior? †Ã‚   West J Med 174. 4(2001): 232-233. National Conference of State Legislatures; the Forum for America’s Ideas. â€Å"Marketing and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. †Ã‚   2008. 22 Sept. 2008   . Tomes, Nancy. â€Å"The Great American Medicine Show Revisted. †Ã‚   Bull. Hist. Med. 79 (2005): 627 – 663. Sidiqi, Sarah. â€Å"Letters to the Editor; Pharmaceutical Influence? †Ã‚   The Nurse Practitioner 28. 5 (2003). Silverman, Milton, Philip R. Lee, and Mia Lydecker. â€Å"How the Drug Companies Kill One Million People a Year. † July-Aug. 1982. University of California. 4 Nov. 2008 . Weber, Lenoard J. Profits Before People? Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2006. Wolfe, Sidnye. â€Å"Drug Advertisements That Go Straight to the Hippocampus. †Ã‚   Lancet 384. 9028 (1996): 632.

Film/novel “True Grit” Essay

Out in a middle of nowhere, a man rides a horse in haste as if it were chasing after something. This is the common image of the cowboy that we have all become familiar with. In fact, it is next to impossible not to recognize the image of the cowboy because it is so powerful in pop cultural myths. It is interesting to examine the myth and image of the cowboy in a comparison of the legendary film/novel â€Å"True Grit† and the unique paintings of Remington Remington. A sparse description is the hallmark of the style of Remington’s usage of blurry touches and specific colors on the painting as seen in â€Å"against the sunset† which portrays a man’s masculinity in the form of a mythical hero figure of west. In the previously mentioned painting, Remington emphasized a man’s masculinity by using the environment of the painting. There is nothing in the frame besides the land and many small bushes. Although these bushes are small as a group they seem like an obstacle for a man. Moreover, their dark colors emit a negative image and even evoke threatening obstructions for a challenger. However, as a man, he seems to be not hesitating to face challenges in front him, but rather to keep going forward even faster. Although it seems like sun is setting, a man still rides a horse and never looks down in twilight. Just like Mattie he must be not â€Å"scared of the dark† (True Grit 60). Also it seems like the unknown man’s image is similar to my opinion of LaBoeuf from â€Å"True Grit†. The unknown man is â€Å"wearing two revolvers† (True Grit 67) just like LaBoeuf. Also, his â€Å"belt [is] thick and wide and bedecked with cartridges† (True Grit 67). Additionally, his appearance matches with LaBoeuf although his face is blurry on the painting. Also he looks like he is â€Å"around thirty years of age† (True Grit 67). There are other similarities, In the novel â€Å"True Grit†, though LaBoeuf was not as good at shooting as Rooster, he did not fear chasing a criminal in Unknown Territory which can be very dangerous for strangers. Also, at the novel’s conclusion, he sacrifices himself for â€Å"little sister Mattie† proving that he is also a man with â€Å"true grit†. As a result, LaBoeuf-like image evokes an essence similar to the unknown man’s masculinity. On the other hand, â€Å"against the sunset† gives an image of changes through its back ground color and empty surroundings. The unknown man seems almost lonely in the painting with no buildings or people around. However, â€Å"An area of free land† (Turner 199) portrays this image of the west during the nineteenth century which was a period of sudden change. By the time when Eastern part of the United States became industrialized, the west still remained a wilderness. However, many people started to immigrate west because the west was the land of opportunity. Therefore, many immigrants and migrants were â€Å"compelled to adapt themselves to the changes†¦ involved in crossing a continent, in defeating a wilderness and in [developing the newly expanded territory] out of the primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life† (Turner 199). As Turner said, developing caused many changes in the west including economic status, surroundings, and political view. Now, the portrait â€Å"Sunset† makes distinguishable the day and the night. As sun goes down and the whole colors of surrounding changes. Shadow gets shorter and shorter and by the time the sun sets, it disappears. As visible in Remington’s piece, the background color remains very bright and looks like a strange mix of yellow and orange. It must be right when sun set started. However, if the artist was intended to capture one additional, the image would turn out to be whole different color. Also, it already seems to appear darker because the edges of painting depict themselves darker than the middle. Also, although it is not shown in the painting completely, we can imagine that soon the twilight will be gone. â€Å"Against the sunset† also evokes an image of mythical hero figure by cowboy-like dressed man. It is ironic that even though cowboy does not maintain a particular status and never was what is considered a â€Å"cowboy† by their stereotyped and commonly depicted appearance. Of course, what is real and what we expect are clearly not the same item, but it does not matter. What does matter is that our expectations in the image we have are met (that is, the cowboy wears a cowboy hat and not a derby) and that the character is presented in slightly dissimilar manner as well so that we are not treated to everything we expect. In other words, there must be some deviations and subtle if not outright differences present so we experience something new enough to pique our interested while staying within the framework of our expectations of the genre. For example, Rooster, the narrator from â€Å"True Grit†, never said that he is a cowboy, but we categorize him as a cowboy anyway. He is old, but tall, big, â€Å"one-eyed† man, and â€Å"wear[s]† a dusty black suit of clothes (True Grit 40). It is not described in the book in a detail, but it is clear in the movie that he wears cowboy hats and carries big rifles with him. Just as people categorize native Indians by skin color and appearance, cowboys are categorized by their way of dress, their status and masculinity. In a manner similar to Rooster, the Unknown Man seems to be a â€Å"cowboy† because he wears cowboy hat, leather vest, and dusty pants. By the mere fact that the Unknown Man looks like cowboy makes him very powerful because from the media and books we have always receive impression that cowboys symbolize justice, machism and a heroism. In a way, the novel â€Å"True Grit† portrays Rooster as a super hero who is not a mere human. When Rooster meets Lucky Ned Pepper’s gang, he faces a crisis because it was a showdown between him alone versus three relatively young men. However, by way of a miracle, Rooster stays alive and manages to kill all three of the other men. This determines Rooster’s character as a super hero because in reality such melodrama could never actually happen. (It is more akin to a RAMBO film than a serious treatise on life in the old west) This is similar in how the way of dress makes the Unknown Man’s image similar to the super hero Rooster. From this connection, we provide the Unknown Man with many known traits that we have come to expect from a cowboy. These expectations are overwhelming and they create an image that transfers our positive images from one source (cowboy films, novels, etc) to the portrait. In a way the portrait â€Å"air lifts† imagery from another area that is already established as having certain positive traits. The cowboy image is powerful enough to do this because the cowboy is a character that is the essence of independence and the American spirit. It is a difficult thing to depart from the collective and live the life of the individual. This is what the cowboy does and he gains massive respect and an eternal mythos because of it. The cowboy is a complex individual and this complexity manifests itself in different mediums that borrow from the cowboy’s rich history. This mythos of the cowboy can be seen in novels/films such as â€Å"True Grit† and in the amazing portraits of Remington. The mythos becomes even more interesting when one looks at the mythos and compares it to the portraits and â€Å"True Grit. † From this examination, we learn the mythos is more powerful than we ever imagined.

Technology of WWI essays

Technology of WWI essays World War I brought many new technological advancements to the battlefield, such as pill boxes, flamethrowers, and mustard gas. But with all this new technology there were no new tactics to use them. Soldiers fought a traditional styled war, but suffered many casualties due to the new technology. Flamethrowers were invented in 1900 by the German army, but werent used on the battlefield until World War I. Flamethrowers simply used some pressurized gas to shoot oil through a nozzle with a flame attached to it creating a jet stream of fire. The first flamethrowers were used by two-men to clear enemy trenches from a range of 25 meters. Later, flamethrowers were upgraded and had a range of up to 40 but still only had 40 seconds of fuel. On an extreme negative, the person using the flamethrower quickly became the target of gunfire and was killed. Pill boxes were small re-enforced concrete shacks with narrow slits in which machine guns would fire out of. The pill-boxes werent used for long due to labor costs, and generals feared that soldiers would become more defensive-minded. The machine-gun had been used foe years before, but new technology provided better guns, and many fell victim to machine gun fire. Another way to eradicate enemies in trenches was by tossing poison gas into their trenches and wait for them to either run out into open gunfire or die in the trench. Two types of poisonous gas were used: Chlorine Gas; and Mustard Gas. Chlorine gas left a yellow-green cloud in its path. The chemical in Chlorine Gas killed by a means of damaging the respiratory system by causing asphyxiation. The gas wasnt nearly as efficient as Mustard Gas though. Since it only took small amounts of Mustard Gas to kill it was easier to infect the enemy. Small amounts of mustard gas were put into artillery shells and fired at the opposing trench. The victims of mustard gas died an extremely slow painful death. Their eyes would clo...

Top five job search tips for people over 65 - The Job Network

Top five job search tips for people over 65 - The Job Network Baby Boomers have driven the economy for decades. The youngest of the generation are just now turning 55 (a long-time â€Å"dream† age for early retirement), while much of the generation have already reached retirement age. In fact, there are approximately 10,000 Baby Boomers retiring every day. However, if you are among the many of this generation who plan to continue working, even beyond 65, there are few simple tips that can help you find a position right for you. 5 strategies to land your next job1. Boost your tech awarenessEvery generation becomes increasingly more tech savvy. While you may not be an â€Å"Insta Story† expert, or the ideal candidate for an organization’s social media guru, being up-to-date on the types of technology typically used in the workplace of the organization you’re applying for is important.If you’re embarking on a new field, take a course in a new computer software program. Even volunteering in your field of interest first can help you get a sense of what skillset is needed for the job. These actions can help communicate your willingness to learn and adapt to new work situations. Making sure you have the basics down can show you’ll be able to work alongside people who were raised on smartphones.2. Target your qualificationsMost Boomers will have a long work history, which translates to experience you can bring to a new position. However, you want to be able to target the key qualities and skillsets that are perfect for the open position you hope to get. Effectively, you’re not giving your interviewer a complete summary of your total work experience- or even highlighting the job you stayed in the longest. You want to give your interviewer a focus on specific experience that will help you perform the job. Connect the dots for them. This way, you help your interviewer sift through your long work history and show your true interest in the open position- and knowledge of its needed skil ls.3. Communicate your adaptabilityBeing overqualified can have its drawbacks. Hiring managers may assume you expect more money or assume you may already have a set way of doing things. Positioning yourself as flexible is key. While you may not be a blank slate that a new employer can help shape (or naà ¯ve about salary negotiations), you should highlight your willingness to find new ways of doing things and improving upon your tried-and-true practices.4. Be aware of generational differencesIf you’ve been working throughout your adult life, you’ve probably seen changes at work between the 20th and 21st century. Make sure your resume is updated both in new, current experiences and in the language you use to describe past work. While you don’t want to go overboard in the opposite direction in an attempt to appear more youthful, you should be prepared to deal with a younger generation in positions of power. While age and wisdom go together, you want to remain defe rential- especially to the hiring manager.5. Wow the interviewerAgeism in the workplace is real (and against the law) but even though this is the case, you may face assumptions from younger interviewers because you are an older candidate. You want to make sure you subvert these potential assumptions rather than play into them. For example, have all your facts and talking points ready and prepared, so you don’t appear â€Å"forgetful.† Convey enthusiasm for the position. Appearing to have â€Å"low energy† can count against older job candidates. Try simple things like using your smartphone in the interview to refer to notes- this simple action can communicate to the interviewer you are sufficiently tech-savvy.The fact is, you’re likely up-to-date on your references and your work skills- it’s just key that you prepare to convey them on interview day so there’s no doubt you’re up to any task that might come your way. Good luck!

What Were You Doing ESL Beginner Dialogue

What Were You Doing ESL Beginner Dialogue This dialogue focuses on the use of the both the past continuous and past simple. The past continuous is used to speak about actions that were interrupted in the past such as: I was watching TV when you telephoned. Practice the dialogue with your partner and then practice the use of these two forms on your own beginning with the question What ​where you doing when past simple.   English Dialogue Practice: What Were You Doing? Betsy: I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but you didnt answer? Where were you? Brian: I was in another room when you called. I didnt hear the phone ringing until it was too late. Betsy: What were you working on?​ Brian: I was photocopying a report that I needed to send to a client. What were you doing when you telephoned? Betsy: I was looking for Tom and couldnt find him. Do you know where he was? Brian: Tom was driving to a meeting. Betsy: Oh, I see. What did you do yesterday? Brian: I met the representatives from Drivers in the morning. In the afternoon, I worked on the report and was just finishing when you telephoned. What did you do Betsy: Well, at 9 I had a meeting with Ms. Anderson. After that, I did some research.​ Brian: Sounds like a boring day! Betsy: Yes, I dont really like doing research. But it needs to be done. Brian: I agree with you on that- no research,no business! Betsy: Tell me about the report. What do you think of it? Brian: I think the report is a good. Tom believes its good, too. Betsy: I know that every report you write is excellent. Brian: Thank you Betsy, you are always a good friend!

Fire Safety Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fire Safety Project - Essay Example Every building should have minimum requirements of fire protection measures which help the occupants in a timely escape in the event of fire. The building should have both active and passive fire protection in place to ensure safety. This includes alarms, fire detection and safe escape strategies. Placing fire alarms and fire detections are the minimum requirements for any premises. The premises should have better and sophisticated system in place which will help in performing the following functions such as- Provision of fire alarm detectors can help in providing early warning for the building occupants. Fire alarm detectors help in increasing the occupant’s response time. The warning system helps in making the right decision for the occupants to evacuate or hold position in the building. The provision for fire alarm detectors is an additional fire safety and it depends upon the level of management and the number of occupants in the building. Voice alarm will help increase the speed of the response even if the occupants are not familiar with the building layout. (Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings,2008) It is essential that the fire procedures take priority in the event of fire. Trained staffs should be available to be able to guide the occupants to a safe area. The escape flights should be constructed of materials which have limited combustibility. The escape stair should be broad enough to accommodate and have the capacity to a fit large number of people during an emergency evacuation. The fire safety procedure should also have a preferred method of evacuation for disabled people by horizontal evacuation. Provision of sprinklers is also recommended for hotel buildings. In the event of a fire, all the provisions and procedures are implemented to help in taking corrective course of

Claims and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Claims and reflection - Essay Example It is just that, it is not as simple compared to the American Constitution where the Bill of Rights are readily contained in the Amendments one to ten for easy reference. I thought that perhaps we are an older country than them with a more complicated legal system with a monarchy to consider which is why our legal system is more complicated than them. I was not however daunted. Deep in my gut, I know that despite the absence of a written regulation of a Bill of Rights, UK does not in any way, put lesser importance to it. In the first place, the first Bill of Rights that was contained in the Magna Carta which was drafted in UK soil in 1787 and that piece of history alone manifests how much importance we place as a people on the Bill of Rights. I knew I just have to look and research further for the paper to take form. This led me to the better understanding of the British legal system of how it works in the absence of a formal Constitution. Compared to United States where their laws are codified in a written Constitution, â€Å"our laws are a combination of statute law and the principles of the common law and equity developed by our courts. Our system is based upon the constitutional principles of Parliamentary sovereignty and the Rule of Law† (Commission on a Bill of Rights). Our framework of Bill of Rights may not be contained in the Amendments one to ten such as the case of the American Constitution, but its statutes can be rooted from documents such as the as Magna Carta in 1215 and the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, the later Bill of Rights and Scottish Claim of Right in 1689, and the Reform Acts of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Proposing what should a UK Bill of Rights contain requires understanding on how British legal system adopts or creates a law. In the case of Bill of Rights, it requires further understanding of British constitution because I have to understand how the international Human Rights treaties

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit Lab Report

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit performance when feedback is applied,Describe the circuit conditions and the methods used to achieve sinusoidal oscillation - Lab Report Example The two types of amplifier are the positive and the negative feedback. The two differ in terms of whether the signal is described as being in phase or out of phase with the input signal. The two types of feedback can also be referred to as regenerative or direct feedbacks. Regenerative feedback or negative feedback occurs whenever a signal is said to be 180 degrees out of phase to the input signal (Musrt 89). A widely cited, negative feedback is appropriate since it helps in creating a practical circuit given that it can create rates and gains. It can also be used in making circuits stable, as well as self-creating and it has an output that can characteristically create equilibrium condition. In an op-amp, a negative feedback is used for purposes of creating a corrective mechanism (Musrt 67). Moreover, it limits the amplifier’s input signal hence improving the fidelity of an amplifier. By and large, it increases the frequency response of any given amplifier through preventing the decreasing in the gain of an amplifier. During the application of an amplifier, the feedback signal reduces with the increasing input signal (Musrt 76). On the other hand, in the positive feedback, the voltage or current feedback is often applied for purposes of increasing the input voltage (Musrt 47). When a positive feedback is applied in an inverting signal circuit, a portion of an output signal is fed back to the input. It is worth noting lacking a positive feedback in any circuit causes a slowdown in the detectors of the open loop. Positive feedback can lead to an increase in the amplifier gain. More often than not, feedback is used in electronic circuits for various reasons. First, circuit characteristics can be controlled and made independent of wide variations in most of the active device parameters (Musrt 34). Second, using feedback, it is possible to make circuit characteristics relatively independent of

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Knowledge - Essay Example Plato and Aristotle both talk about similar concepts when they describe knowledge. However they look at it from two opposing angles altogether. The same shall be discussed hereunder. In simple words, Aristotle focuses of smaller elements as being integral to the concept of knowledge, while Plato believes that universal concepts are the key to the essence of knowledge. Determining this difference is vital. Plato was of the opinion that belief is to be separated from knowledge on account of its justification. Beliefs, he elucidated, can be there without adequate inquiry or scrutiny into a particular matter. However, the knowledge acquired has to be based upon rationalistic ideas, that are guarded by logic and understanding. This is what would make the same knowledge acceptable to many people at the same time, whilst a belief may well hold true for just a singular person amongst all humanity. Aristotle on the contrary believed that knowledge lies in the understand of smaller factors, which will gradually all add up to join the jigsaw puzzle, and show us the bigger picture. He claimed that by knowing the essence of fundamental principles, one would be able to make sense of what is going on the bigger canvas. Inadvertently, this is a consequence of knowing as to what really can be a basic ingredient within the bigger construct, and then studying the same for greater knowledge. Plato advocates the importance of all-encompassing knowledge, which ultimately gives birth to and yields smaller constructs. This reality can be identified with, and the highest thinking can subsequently be attained by means of knowing what knowledge is. Contemplation gives insight, and ultimately self-actualization. There can be no better strength than realizing one's true potential of existence. All our endeavors or desires primarily follow from the necessity of our intrinsic nature. This concept given by him refers to the identification of the power that the human being yields and associates from within himself, thereby attempting to acquire knowledge at the bequest of all available events. Aristotle on the other hand states that smaller elements combine together to make all knowledge, and therefore understanding should begin from smaller ideas, which may be expounded into complex theories. Whatever one might seek or ask, it is basically a product of how one identifies with the concept of knowledge. The most significant thinking here becomes knowing about oneself. A person, who realizes the details, is truly on the path of acquiring knowledge. If one has the tendency to doubt one's self-concepts, then true actualization of knowledge can never be there. Knowledge starts from knowing oneself - it is only with reference to the same would one ever be able to gather some perspective. "Although he had the idea of constructing a system for deduction, he was never able to construct one. Instead, he relied on his dialectic, which was a confusion between different sciences and methods" (Bocheski, 1951). Mysteries, intricacies and secrets of the finite world can only be known with reference to the person. Therefore, if and when a person appreciates his own personal standing and inception, it subsequently becomes the greatest source of endowment and fulfillment for the person. The fundamental factor here is about insisting on knowing reality as it is. This again is a propagation of the belief that an individual

Criminal Justice Policy Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Justice Policy Processes - Essay Example This article aims to highlight various criminal justice policy processes and the significance of implementing justice as its significant part. Important ideas throughout the article revolve around the contribution of the various stakeholders such as special interest groups and individual policy makers within the court jurisdiction. Introduction The criminal justice system is composed of three major stages: first, the creation of laws; second, adjudication implemented by the courts; and third, corrections. Corrections take place in confinement facilities such as jails, probation and parole units as well as in prisons. In a functional system of criminal justice, these distinct organizations work in tandem with regard to the legal provisions guiding the process and under the tradition of keeping the sanctity of law within a population. The implementation of criminal justice begins with policing: the first contact a suspected criminal has with the system is normally the law enforcement a gencies. Police probe a suspected offense and initiate an arrest. The suspect is then taken to court where all incriminating evidence is tabled to enable the judges to make an informed decision on whether or not the suspect is culpable of the criminal accusations leveled against him or her. The court may acquit the individual or rule that he/she is to be taken to correction facility in case he or she is guilty. Participants in the Criminal Justice System The police act as the first department of the criminal justice system, which apprehends and investigates suspects for their suspected criminal actions. If needed, law enforcement agencies are authorized to use any means of legal force to implement order in society. The second department, courts play the role of a place where criminal suspects are proven guilty or otherwise – the venue of administration of justice. In light of the criminal justice, numerous individuals play pivotal roles in any courtroom. These important peopl e are called the courtroom work group. The team is comprised of both specialized staff and non-professional persons. These encompass the jury, prosecutor, and the defense lawyer. The jury is made up of judges or magistrates. For one to qualify for the post, he or she should be proficient in the law. An arbitrator is normally elected or nominated to impartially oversee the trial process and recommend a final verdict to conclude a case (Max, 2010). The Process of Criminal Justice McDonnell (2011) indicates that the criminal justice is a compound process, encompassing an array of stages opening with a criminal inquiry and up to the discharge of an individual who has completed his or her jail term. Throughout the process, regulations and drawing conclusion are the major tenets of this process. In view of this, these structures must come from somewhere. Such areas include the legal statutes containing Bill of Rights, the state code, court verdicts, federal policies of criminal processes, the state regulations of criminal process, jurisdiction and agency traditions. For instance, in the United States, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure dictate the course of all criminal trials in the country’s courts. Stages in the administration of criminal justice First: Probe of an offense by the law enforcers. The need for investigation into a criminal activity involves the gathering of proof to corner a

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Knowledge - Essay Example Plato and Aristotle both talk about similar concepts when they describe knowledge. However they look at it from two opposing angles altogether. The same shall be discussed hereunder. In simple words, Aristotle focuses of smaller elements as being integral to the concept of knowledge, while Plato believes that universal concepts are the key to the essence of knowledge. Determining this difference is vital. Plato was of the opinion that belief is to be separated from knowledge on account of its justification. Beliefs, he elucidated, can be there without adequate inquiry or scrutiny into a particular matter. However, the knowledge acquired has to be based upon rationalistic ideas, that are guarded by logic and understanding. This is what would make the same knowledge acceptable to many people at the same time, whilst a belief may well hold true for just a singular person amongst all humanity. Aristotle on the contrary believed that knowledge lies in the understand of smaller factors, which will gradually all add up to join the jigsaw puzzle, and show us the bigger picture. He claimed that by knowing the essence of fundamental principles, one would be able to make sense of what is going on the bigger canvas. Inadvertently, this is a consequence of knowing as to what really can be a basic ingredient within the bigger construct, and then studying the same for greater knowledge. Plato advocates the importance of all-encompassing knowledge, which ultimately gives birth to and yields smaller constructs. This reality can be identified with, and the highest thinking can subsequently be attained by means of knowing what knowledge is. Contemplation gives insight, and ultimately self-actualization. There can be no better strength than realizing one's true potential of existence. All our endeavors or desires primarily follow from the necessity of our intrinsic nature. This concept given by him refers to the identification of the power that the human being yields and associates from within himself, thereby attempting to acquire knowledge at the bequest of all available events. Aristotle on the other hand states that smaller elements combine together to make all knowledge, and therefore understanding should begin from smaller ideas, which may be expounded into complex theories. Whatever one might seek or ask, it is basically a product of how one identifies with the concept of knowledge. The most significant thinking here becomes knowing about oneself. A person, who realizes the details, is truly on the path of acquiring knowledge. If one has the tendency to doubt one's self-concepts, then true actualization of knowledge can never be there. Knowledge starts from knowing oneself - it is only with reference to the same would one ever be able to gather some perspective. "Although he had the idea of constructing a system for deduction, he was never able to construct one. Instead, he relied on his dialectic, which was a confusion between different sciences and methods" (Bocheski, 1951). Mysteries, intricacies and secrets of the finite world can only be known with reference to the person. Therefore, if and when a person appreciates his own personal standing and inception, it subsequently becomes the greatest source of endowment and fulfillment for the person. The fundamental factor here is about insisting on knowing reality as it is. This again is a propagation of the belief that an individual

Discussion Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Discussion Questions - Assignment Example This is because the authoritative force is on the outside of the individual and the only sensible basis of reasoning depends on physical consequences of every action. Punishment has a direct link to physical vengeance. Therefore, each punishment in regards to an action sets standards in understanding the wrong and good. Therefore, the question is, what must an individual do in order to avoid punishment? People, in these case kids, understand that every person has a unique way of viewing things and making judgments. They learn to only do the necessary and can only act further if the activities offer satisfaction. The question in the post can be, what can a person do to realize satisfaction and not pain? It is evident in adolescent adults who show ability to internalize the set moral standards. However, even though understanding authority, there is little questioning because they accept it as a norm (Kohlberg & Hersh, 1977). Due to the established stereotypes, people accept and build their interpersonal skills on this basis. This gives rise to good behavior because it appears to be appealing to the rest of the group. As an individual, what is expected of you to be identified as a good person? Individuals learn to respect rules and order as demanded by the authority. This is because they know anyone found guilty of violating rules is liable to punishment since it the standardized form of administering justice. This requires consistency in showing loyalty to rules. The question is; what if all human beings acted in such a manner? At this stage, individuals demonstrate the ability to define moral principles in their own way even if they have no allowance in the guiding rules. However, the moral principles favor and are applicable to everyone. What is justice for all? As an individual, am in this stage because I can, on my own come up with moral principles which respect

The factors affectingthe resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

The factors affectingthe resistance of a wire Essay An investigation into the factors affecting the resistance of a wire Outline: Start with a simple paragraph saying what you are going to do. Factors affecting resistance of a wire: Material, Temperature, Length and Cross-sectional area Material is the same (constantan) and we are trying to keep the temperature constant. (you need to say this) Length and cross sectional areas will be varied. This needs to be done in two separate experiments (Fair Test) Length and cross-sectional area are the independent (input) variables. The dependent variable (output) is the resistance Science (essential). Use a textbook/internet/secondary source to find this information. Say where you found it, it must be relevant to GCSE! Detailed knowledge will get the higher marks. Ohms Law which gives the relationship between the resistance, voltage and current. Give units and equations (show correctly) How resistance is related to length (draw a picture, it can also be used as your prediction). Back it up with an explanation (longer path for electrons) How resistance is related to cross-section (draw a picture, it can also be used as your prediction). Note, there are two plots here! Back up with explanation (more pathways). Prediction: Say what you are doing and use your science to back it up Safety: The experiment should be safe and you will follow safe laboratory practice Equipment: At a glance you might well need: crocodile clips, power supply, voltmeter, ammeter, variable resistor, leads, constantan wire, meter rule, micrometer (to measure wire thickness). Include a circuit diagram. Remember you might need to change equipment after the preliminary experiment. Say what any equipment is used for. Preliminary Experiment: The purpose is to see if your method is suitable to test your prediction, make sure things work and make any changes. You will need to record these results and plot things. Use this information carefully and mention if you make no changes or changes. If the preliminary data looks sensible, then you are on the right track. Repeating Measurements: The same idea as for Chemistry, there needs to be enough different lengths (5 min) and cross-sections (5 min). Measurements need repeating and checking. If a particular set of data is not looking good, discard it and take another measurement. You ideally want 3 sets of similar data! Precision: Voltages, currents, resistances, lengths and wire thickness need to be recorded and presented to the correct level of precision. Say what ranges data will be collected over etc. Data Tables and Plots: Must have clear and correct units, titles, etc. These can be presented using spreadsheets. Plots must be done on graph paper (not computer). Must cover more than half of sheet and have suitable axes. Graphs must be correctly labelled and the points should be crosses drawn in pencil. Best fit-lines should also be shown. Seek help on this if not sure. References: Most likely you found out things, say where you found this information. Fair Test: Absolutely crucial to show. In a fair test you only allow one thing to vary.

History And Developments Of Jazz Music Essay

History And Developments Of Jazz Music Essay In this essay I am going to discuss the evolution of jazz music, from its beginnings in African culture to its many forms in the twenty first century. I have focused on styles/ genres, instruments, ensembles, technology, composers (both classical and popular), and musicals. As a singer I find the jazz repertoire challenging and enjoy improvising when performing. I selected my A level solos from three different decades in the twentieth century, to demonstrate contrasting styles of composition. Taking part in this years school production of the musical Bugsy Malone encouraged me to research the background to the story and led to my Investigation and Report. The origins of jazz lie mainly with African American musicians. The early songs were not written down but were passed on from musician to musician orally. In Africa, the culture and life remains centered around the village. Everyone participates in some way and the music is connected to everyday events, with songs and dances for such occasions as births, deaths and other rites of passage. Some characteristics of traditional African music involve the whole body, with hand clapping, swaying to the beat, etc. The singing was often led by a soloist and the group replied using harmony. The heart of African music is rhythm, this is also the case in jazz today. African slaves were taken against their will to America, between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, mainly to work on the cotton plantations. Whilst working in the fields slaves would sing work songs and field hollers. (CD track 1) Call and response came from the African traditions mentioned, and was sung by people working on a physical and often repetitive task, such as picking cotton (track 2). Possibly, the rhythm of the music helped to increase productivity in the daily task and the meaning of the words reduced feelings of sadness and boredom. The work songs also helped to create a feeling of familiarity and connection between the workers, as often families were separated and other slaves were from different regions. The verses were often improvised and sometimes mentioned escaping to freedom. Negro Spirituals (CD track 3) were created by enslaved African people in America and are religious songs. Later they may have served as socio-political protest helping with assimilation into white American culture. In the USA, slaves were forbidden to speak their native languages and were unable to express themselves in ways that were spiritually meaningful to them so they often held secret religious services. These meetings were known as hush-harbours and were also centres for organising rebellions. The Afro American slave population began to increase naturally around 1810, as the slave trade to the USA had almost stopped. Clergymen in the South saw an opportunity to convert slaves to Christianity. They preached the message that in the eyes of God all Christians were equal, giving Afro Americans a reason to live, with hope for the after life, when they felt hated and not valued on earth. The Services held were similar to the ones Afro Americans organised for themselves, with clapping, dancing, enthusiastic singing and spirit possession. Afro Americans felt more comfortable attending this style of Christian worship. Many white slave owners forced their slaves to attend white controlled churches, afraid slaves would rebel if allowed to attend other churches which preached messages of liberation and equality. With their freedom and the opportunity to chose their own religion, many Afro Americans continued with Christianity. 90 % of Afro Americans, in the 21st Century, attend one of seven black dominated Christians denominations. In the early eighteen hundreds there was a movement to end human slavery, known as Abolitionism. The Anti-abolitionist Riots, also known as the Farren Riots, occurred in New York City in 1834. In 1865, after the American Civil War, slaves were freed. (The Anti-abolitionist riots song, Charles Ives, see page 11, Investigation) As free men, African Americans were able to buy instruments and formed musical groups, such as military bands, which became really popular. At the end of the nineteenth century the people of the city of New Orleans began to experiment with different sounds and styles of music. Some of these styles blended together to create a new kind of music, which is now known as Jazz. In the 1920s due to the harsh economic climate, these musicians moved to Chicago as this was becoming a centre for music. Their music was then known as New Orleans or Dixieland Jazz, (track 4) and is now known as traditional or trad. Jazz. This musical genre was popular in America, as well as in Britain and Australia from the late eighteen hundreds to the nineteen forties. By this time, Dixieland/ traditional Jazz was appreciated by the general public, not just a small section of Afro- Americans. Dixieland or Dixie is the name for the Southeastern portion of the USA, where most of the slaves lived. The style of music is sometimes referred to as Hot Jazz or Early Jazz. Dixieland Jazz combines brass band marches, ragtime and blues. There is collective, polyphonic improvisation by trumpet (or cornet), trombone and clarinet, over a rhythm section of piano, guitar or banjo, drum kit and double bass or tuba. The polyphonic sound is in contrast to the extremely regimented Big Band sound. The term Dixieland became widely used after the advent of the first million selling hit records of the original Dixieland Jazz Band in 1917. The most popular band, identified with Dixieland, was Louis Armstrongs All Stars. The Dixieland style came to an end with the introduction of the swing era of the 1930s. Many musicians retired at this time, unable to maintain popularity. Early Ragtime music was written for the piano, and became one of the most popular styles. Some of the features are: A) Question and answer melodies with step wise movement and contrasting syncopated leaps B) Use of chromatic scales/ melodies, ascending or descending by semi tones. C) Use of syncopation to emphasis the weak beats in a bar, rather then strong beats. D) Parallel thirds and sixths are used in melodic passages. Scott Joplin, (1868-1917), known as the King of Ragtime, performed and composed music, has inspired musicians to the present day. As well as 44 original ragtime pieces, he wrote a ballad and two operas. In 1893 he went to Chicago for the Worlds Fair, which played a major part in making ragtime music a national craze. Maple Leaf Rag brought Joplin royalties for life, although later he struggled financially. His music was rediscovered and became popular again in the early 1970s with a best selling album and was featured in the popular film The Sting, particularly The Entertainer. (CD 5) The Blues (track 6) form is characterized by specific chord progressions, usually the primary chords I, IV and V, twelve bar blues, and use of blue notes ( flattened third and seventh in the scale) in jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll. Genre of Blues ranges from country to urban blues. The blues is often used to describe a mood of depression and sadness. Typical early instruments were just voice and acoustic guitar. In the 1940s instruments began to change from acoustic to electric and more people began to listen to the style of music. Bass guitar, electric guitar, rhythm guitar and drum kit were typical instruments. Blues-rock evolved in the 1960s and 1970s. Another style of music, associated with piano, is Boogie Woogie, popular in the 1930s and early 1940s. Often used to accompany singers it was also used as a solo part in bands and small combos. The left hand part was very important and featured a repeated bass figure. Winifred Atwell (1910-1983) was a very popular Boogie Woogie and Ragtime performer in England in the 1950s and 1960s. She moved form Trinidad to the United States and then moved to London to attend the Royal College of Music. She started the craze of the honky tonk style of playing piano. Honky tonk piano is an ordinary piano in which nails are placed on the hammers of the instrument to give it a very old (out of tune) sound. Another method of preparing the piano, made popular by Mrs Mills, is to lacquere the hammers. Mrs. Mills (1918-1978) was a popular pianist in the 1960s. (cd 7) Rhythm and Blues (cd 8) also evolved in the 1940s and had a strong gospel back beat, with intense, emotional lyrics for the vocalist. The instruments used were usually piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums and sometimes saxophone. This term has evolved in the 1940s, for example in the 1950s RnB was often applied to blues records. It contributed to the development of electric blues, rocknroll, gospel and soul music. In the 1970s it covered soul and funk and In the 1980s the new style was called contemporary RnB. Electric Blues started in the 1930s; in Chicago, in the 1940s, musicians used amplification of guitar, bass guitar plus drum kit and harmonica. Electric blues includes the Memphis blues and Texas blues scene which lead to the development of blues-rock. It also led to rock-music. The harmonica is also known as blues harp. As well as in electric blues, the harmonica is sometimes featured in RocknRoll, for improvisation. There are many types and sizes of harmonica including diatonic ( major/ minor) and chromatic. Memphis Blues was created in the 1920s and 1930s by musicians such as Frank Stokes and Memphis Minnie. As well as in main entertainment centres, such as clubs and bars the style was popular in vaudeville ( various acts such as magicians, jugglers and acrobats, performing in a theatre) and medicine shows (traveling horse and wagon teams, selling miracle cure medications, between entertainment acts. They were common in the 19th century). At the same time as guitar based blues, jug bands were very popular. This style of music used simple, often homemade instruments such as harmonicas, mandolins, banjos, violins, washboards, guimbarde (jews harp), kazoos and jugs, blown to supply the bass. Examples are the Memphis Jug Band and Gus Cannons Jug Stompers. The style used a range of traditional folk music and emphasised the syncopated rhythms of early Jazz, which were easy to dance to. (CD 9) Texas Blues has more Swing in style and differs from Chicago Blues, in its use of sounds and instruments, relying heavily on the guitar, with guitar solos featured. It began to appear in the early 1900s, with African Americans working in lumber camps, ranches and oil fields. Slide guitar/ bottleneck guitar is featured. This is a particular guitar technique using a slide against the strings. ( cd 10) Originally necks were broken from glass bottles and placed over the fingers, instead off pressing the strings against the frets with the bare fingers. Metal picks were attached to the fingers instead of using the triangular plastic plectrums. A resonator guitar, or resophonic guitar, is an acoustic guitar which has resonators (one or more spun mental cones) in place of a wooden sound board. A lap steel guitar is held horizontally and uses a slide called a steel, held in the left hand. This instrument is often featured in Blue Grass country music. In the 1920s jazz-like improvisation was introduced by Blind Lemon Jefferson, who inspired later musicians, for instance, T-Bone Walker and Lightnin Hopkins. T-Bone Walker was admired by Muddy Waters and his style influenced the Chicago electric blues sound. In the 1960s and early 1970s, influenced by Country music and Blues-rock, the Texas electric Blues Scene evolved. The style has continued to the present day with artists such as ZZ Top. RocknRoll (cd 11) evolved during the 1940s and 1950s in America, its often considered to be one of the best selling musical forms since this time. It became very popular to dance to and the new Teenagers in the 1950s wore a distinctive style of dress when jiving in pairs. The instruments were electric guitars, drum kit and vocal soloist and often backing singers, using Doo-Wop harmonies. The chords were usually the primary chords, I, IV, V, as in the twelve bar blues with improvised guitar solos in the middle, and the form was usually verse and chorus. Bill Haley and the Comets took RocknRoll to England in the 1950s and he was copied by many British musicians, for instance Cliff Richard and Adam Faith. Soul (cd 12) originates stylistically from Rhythm and Blues, Doo-Wap and Gospel as well as Jazz. It started in America in the late 1950s and typical instruments are keyboards/ piano, vocals, horn section, drum kit and guitars. From the 1960s to the early 1980s was the most popular era for the style of music and contemporary RnB, Hip Hop, Disco and Funk emerged from soul. Important features are handclaps, improvised body moves and catchy rhythms. There is often call and response between the soloist and chorus with use of improvisation. Ray Charles is often considered to be one of the most important early soul singers, starting with Ive got a woman, 1954. Solomon Burke recorded soul hits for Atlantic Records in the 1960s, followed by James Brown and Fats Domino. James Brown, (1933 to 2006), known as the godfather of soul started by singing gospel and progressed to soul. Although his own career eventually declined, his work has often been used recently in digital sampling, for instance in Hip Hop, with the consequence that his music remains popular in the 21st century. In the 1990s Beyoncà © Knowles, popularly known as Beyoncà ©, became famous as the lead singer of the RnB girl group Destinys Child. When the group disbanded in 2005 she became one of the most honoured solo artists, with many Grammy Awards, singing soul and pop as well as RnB. Beyoncà © released a cover version of the famous jazz standard Fever, which originally was sung by Peggy Lee. A contemporary of Beyoncà © is the British jazz singer Jamie Cullum. Born in 1979, his compositions and performances have brought jazz to the attention of all age groups. He graduated from Reading University and has released best selling albums. He presents a weekly Jazz Show on BBC Radio 2 and has belonged to many bands, singing and playing the piano. He has performed at many large music festivals, for instance Glastonbury Festival, New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, and the North Sea Jazz Festival. In 2003 he was awarded the Rising Star by the British Jazz Awards, and he has been nominated fo r the BRIT Award, Grammy and Golden Globe Award. Although his musical roots are firmly based in Jazz, he performs in a wide range of styles, and draws inspiration form many different musicians. Jamie Cullum has made a cover version of the famous song Hit the Road Jack, by Ray Charles, which I have performed as part of my coursework. In America, Funk (cd 13) evolved in the 1960s from soul music, RnB and rock as well as jazz. Typical instruments are bass and electric guitar, drum kit, organ, horns and congas. The rhythm is very important and makes funk very danceable. William Everett Billy Preston (1946 to 2006) was a musician, songwriter and bandleader. His music combined genres such as rhythm and blues, soul, rock, funk and gospel. He played many instruments but mainly organ and piano. He worked with The Beatles, Ray Charles, Bob Dylan and many other famous Soul, Jazz and Blues artists relevant to the period. The Red Hot Chilli Peppers were formed in 1983 in America and play funk rock, which fuses funk with punk rock and psychedelic rock. Technology has played an important role in the development of Jazz bands and ensembles, as well as helping to increase the global audience. By the 1930s radios were present in most households appliance in the developed world. During this period advances in recording technology, in particular the microphone, enabled subtle nuances in both playing and singing to be amplified for the first time and improved both radio broadcasts and life performances. Studio musicians were employed as both soloists and background instrumentalists for shows and commercials. The amplification enabled instrumental soloists/ vocalists to balance their sound with large groups, such as big bands, and not be overwhelmed. The first weekly radio broadcasts in America in 1934 were Benny Goodmans Lets Dance, which featured Hot Jazz music. The ribbon or velocity microphone was introduced in 1931 by RCA and became one of the most popular. In 1933 RCA developed the cardiod pattern dual ribbon microphone. Forms of am plification, for instance wireless technology, continue to evolve to the present day. One of the famous big band leaders, Paul Whiteman, invited George Gershwin, American composer and pianist, to write a jazz influenced concert piece for an experimental concert in 1924, which was called Rhapsody in Blue (cd 14). Ferde Grofà ©, another American composer orchestrated the accompaniment provided, for jazz band. Gershwin had to improvise at the actual concert has he had not completed the piano score at this time. The jazz band accompaniment was later rewritten for full symphony orchestra by Grofà ©. The two main jazz ingredients used are syncopation, placing emphasis on weak beats and blue notes, flattening the third and the seventh notes of the scale, creating a clash with the underlying harmony. The one act jazz opera Blue Monday, set in Harlem, is considered to be the forerunner to Gershwins opera Porgy and Bess. Based on DuBose Heywards novel and play which deals with African American life in Charlston, South Carolina in the early 1920s, Porgy and Bess was first perf ormed in 1935. The premier production featured an entire cast of classically trained African American singers, and took place in New York in 1935. Due to social conventions of the time, this was a daring act. The opera is now regularly performed internationally, although some critics have always considered it to be a rather racist portrayal of African Americans. Musicals have been a very popular form of entertainment for more than sixty years and there are many based on jazz music. For instance, in the early 1950s the American dance director Jerome Robbins had the idea of a modern musical based on Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, with music composed by Leonard Bernstein. In the musical West Side Story the two families are represented by New York street gangs and the famous balcony scene takes place on a fire escape. As well as Jazz, Bernstein incorporates many other musical styles into his score. (cd 15) Bernstein, who died in 1990, is best known as the musical director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as being the composer of West Side Story. He was highly regarded as a conductor and, like many other classically trained musicians, he appreciated many other styles of music and incorporated them into his work. In 1966s there was a hit Broadway production of Cabaret, based on the book written by Joe Masteroff, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb.(cd 16) The story is based on the rising power of the Nazi Party in Berlin, it focuses on nightlife in the seedy Kit Kat Club, in particular English cabaret performer Sally Bowles and her relationship with the young American writer Cliff Bradshow. Many films, plays, and numerous subsequent productions of the musical followed. Another hit Broadway production also with Jazz music by John Kander, starting in 1975, was Chicago, with lyrics by Fred Ebb.(cd 17) This is based on the book by Fred Ebb and Bob Fosse and the 1926 play by reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins. The story is a parody/ satire on corruption in the administration of criminal justice and the concept of the celebrity criminal. This musical holds the record for the longest running musical production. Also in the 1970s the very popular musical film Bugsy Malone, directed by Alan Parker, lead to the musical of the same name. Although both film and musical are based on events in New York City, in the prohibition era, especially the exploits of gangsters such as Al Capone and Bugs Moran, the subject matter was considerably lightened as the musical is performed by children, imitating adults. One of the most recognized jazz songs from this musical, in the 21st century is Tomorrow, which I am singing as part of my coursework. (cd 18) In conclusion it can be seen that many musical styles have evolved from Jazz. The early beginnings of the genre, performed by African Americans, spread throughout America and eventually other countries. Although the jazz style of music became really popular globally from around the 1930s/1940s, it seems that, in the 21st century, Trad. Jazz and Modern Jazz is only heard in a few specialist concerts, clubs or radio programmes. However, the influence of Jazz on many musicians and styles of music remains considerable and shows no signs of diminishing at the present time.

Inventing A Writing Technology :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

â€Å"Inventing† A Writing Technology When we originally were given the criteria for this assignment, I knew right away what it was that I was going to do. I love being creative and sharing my ideas with other people, I like to think of myself as somewhat of an original person. My idea would initially satisfy all of the given criteria: permanence, portability, creativity, and naturalness of the components used to compose my creative piece of writing. Growing up, my brother and I would venture out when the creek was frozen and play on the ice for hours on end. One of the things we would do was carve out the ice to make picture, games and such. I knew that for his project, using ice would be an excellent idea. I knew it was fairly easy to do, it would stay there for as long as the creek continued to be frozen, and if necessary, it could be cut out and taken along to wherever I needed to go. When I arrived at my parent’s house, I headed straight for the creek with the plan in mind only to find that the ice was snow covered. I was down, but not out. After shoveling the ice, I was ready to begin my carving only to find that the ice was bubbly and definitely not smooth enough to be a recognizable writing surface. My plan was shot, I had come home for nothing. From this point on, I was forced to come up with an alternative plan of action. I thought of many things to use such as sticks and stones, but they would all sink into the snow if I placed them there and where not very portable or permanent if laid upon the ice. After weighing my options and a great deal of thought, I caught a glimpse of one of the many trees that line my creek bank. On the tree were many jagged icicles one of which I decide to use as my writing tool. My surface became the dreaded snow that was the culprit behind my initially foiled plan.

Proposing a Solution: Bullying Essay

Bullying among American elementary, middle and high school students is a growing problem. Bullying has been defined many ways, by many people. One definition is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived imbalance of power. (stopbullying.org). Bullying is a very negative act and honestly needs to be stopped. This essay will provide my solution for the growing bullying problem in our schools. Over the years, bullying has become more and more of a problem. More children are becoming victims of this often tragic problem today than ever before. Honestly, anyone can become a victim of bullying but there has been a rise in bullying among LGTB, lesbian-gay-transgendered-bi-sexual, students, as well as children who are considered to be of special needs. (Bullying statistics). There are many causes for bullying, which in order to be able to handle and fix the problem, must be dealt with before a solution can take effect. These causes may include: poverty, problems or abuse within the home, a feeling of power from age or body size, provocative or â€Å"annoying† victims, and a need to feel better about themselves as a person. (Cheever, Jenny). Bullying, especially in schools is a serious problem that occurs almost on a daily basis. Bullying can happen anywhere and at any time. In schools it can happen on the playground, the cafeteria, hallways, buses and even in the classroom. Bullying is serious and can lead to many often tragic problems. Sadly, bullying happens more than people really want to believe. According to studies shown on Bullying Statistics.org, at least 60% of middle school children say they have been bullied, only 16% of their teachers actually believe students are bullied, and 160,000 students who have been or are bullied stay at home each day because of bullying. (Bullying statistics.org). Bullying is becoming more and more extreme. More students are taking drastic measures because they feel they have no one to turn to. According to the center for disease control, suicide is the third leading cause of death among school aged children today. (Bullying statistics.org). In fact, according to several studies, 20% of high school students have seriously considered suicide in the last year as an option alternate to being bullied, almost 7% have actually attempted it, and suicide results in about 4,400 deaths per year among young people. (Burns, Tim). The need for bullying to be stopped is strong, and the only way this can be achieved is if parents, students, and educators as a whole begin working together. Students can help solve the bullying problem by banding together and reporting any incidents of bullying they see, including kids who seem like outcasts into their friendship circles, also using the acronym â€Å"steer clear†: Stick up for one another, Travel in a group, Empathize, Explore your choices, Resist using fists, Calm down, Leave, Enlist the help of others, Assert yourself, and Report incidents could help tremendously. Parents can help by: talking to their children, keeping lines of communication between themselves, their kids and the schools open, developing a personal safety plan and empowering their kids to openly talk about bullying with teachers and administrators. Schools can ultimately eradicate bullying by: promoting tolerance within the school and community, create anti-bullying policies in both the classroom and the school, teach students how to handle bullying the right way, and what I believe to be the most important solution; teaching students and teachers alike the importance of stopping and reporting bullying immediately. (Thinkquest.org). Bullying is extremely negative and honestly needs to be stopped as soon as possible, I think if we all band together and do what we can to implement these solutions we can end this problem immediately.

A Research Proposal to Counter the Implications of Sustained Global Warming

Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing the world today.Defined as â€Å"an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, especially a sustained increase sufficient to cause climate change,† it poses a significant risk to the overall climatic condition and the world population in general. Substantial scientific evidence proves that a marked rise in the global average temperatures by more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels poses a significant threat to natural ecosystems.A sustained temperate increase of this magnitude may cause a considerable melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, resulting in a distinct global sea level rise of up to several feet. Scientists fear that such climate change is hazardous to many life forms and predict that this could potentially cause entire species to be wiped out.Consequences of Global WarmingSeveral studies, not just in the recent times attest to this fact. It is projected that tempe rature rises if allowed to continue may many species stranded and unable to adapt to the swiftly changing conditions. It has been indicated that the coral reefs are prone to bleach and may be destroyed in circumstances of persistent warming.Other climatic changes of global warming include frequent storms and dangerous hurricanes, and unexpected or sudden variations in the weather including deadly heat waves, drought and wildfire.Several anomalies are known to develop that impact tropical precipitation under global warming. It has been shown that a significant fall in moisture levels is induced by the warmer tropospheric temperature and therefore precipitation is decreased. The variation in the gross moist stability is a potential factor that causes discrepancies in the predicted regional tropical precipitation (Chou, & Neelin, 2004).Statistical Evidence and AnalysisWhen the Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005 Greenpeace, the attempt was lauded as a positive sign of environmental sensitization. There was now a price to be paid for causing climate pollution – penalties for polluters. The dreams of a ‘low-carbon economy had been born.Two years later, however, projections show that the European Union has fallen woefully short of its targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions, from the committed 8 per cent cut from the 1990 levels by year 2012. Estimating based on current measures and policies by 2010 the emissions will fall by a mere 0.6% below 1990 levels (Clogherty 2007).Several studies indicate that the concentration of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere at or below 450 parts per million CO2-equivalent would halve the chances of a global temperature rise above a 2 °C average.

Online hotel reservation Essay

1. Introduction Currently the World is going to be come in once. The introduction of modern computers since 1940’s changing the way people live, learning their environment and the way they gather information, process, and store data and communicate accurate and timely information in their daily activities.  Therefore without using recently technological products especially computers, it is impossible to think about social, cultural and economically development. So in this century using information and communication technology especially the sophisticated and amusing machine known as computer and modern information handling in any aspect is a question of survival. The group member will try the best way to make the complicated process of Online Yeha Hotel as simple as possible using Structured & Modular technique & Menu oriented interface. The members are going to design the software in such a way that user may not have any difficulty in using this package & further expansion is possible with out much effort. Even though the group members cannot claim that this work to be entirely exhaustive, the main purpose of our exercise is perform each employee’s activity in computerized way rather than manually which is time consuming. 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION Yeha Hotel is one of the business units managed and controlled by BT Digital Business Bridge PLC. It was established in 1993 G.C at Tigray Regional State, Aksum town. The Hotel is a three star hotel located in the outskirts of the city of Aksum on the historic route. 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Currently the management system of Yeha Hotel is computerized. But, the system is not well developed .It doesn’t include all function like; from where the customer comes, amount of payment for reservation ,what they are doing currently .It the hotel is under several problems that negatively affects the reliability, performance, efficiency and effectiveness of day to day activities. Some of the major problems are:- User cannot reserve things (bed rooms on line) well that they want. The hotel cannot well advertise the service that they give. Users cannot access hotel information. Difficult to insertion& retrieve data faster. Difficult to generate report. Delay of information in collecting & processing of customers’ data. To solve the above problems the group members are going to develop a  computerized system to manage the hotel service effectively and efficiently. 1.4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 1.4. 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE The general objective of this project is to solve the above problems by designing and developing an automated dynamic website that can enhance online in case of Yeha hotel. 1.4.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE To change the manual file handling system in to advanced method of computerized system To reserve bed rooms and other services online To access the hotel information To solve complicated problems that faced to record the manual system To solve the time, cost and man power needed to job performance To provide efficient service to the new customers To solve data redundancy To keep data security and reliability To need fast data insertion & retrieval 1.5. Methodology 1.5.1. SYSTEM DEVLOPMENT METHODOLOGY The team members use waterfall approach since it provide great opportunity for user to participate in the development process, has extensibility feature. Programming tools HTML (Macromedia Dreamweaver 8) JSP (Net Beans IDE 7.1.1) Microsoft Office Notepad Microsoft windows7 Different browsers (e.g. Mozilla Firefox, Google chrome and internet explorer) HARDWARE USED Computer Digital camera Flash disc 1.5.2. FACT FINDING METHOD During information gathering the group members have used a number of  techniques that helps us to get full information about the system. These techniques are:- 1.5.2.1. OBSERVATION The team members have observed physically by going to the place. Also the team has seen that there was no any well-developed computerized system in the hotel and also information about the hotel and the service that the hotel provides were not available easily. The team also observes that reservation is only by face to face or by using phone. 1.5.2.2. INTERVIEW The other most important method that helps us to get most important and critical information about the general view of the hotel is by interviewing manager of the hotel and receptionist of the hotel. (Example:-how do you work currently? 1.5.2.3. DOCUMENT ANALYSIS The form that is used currently has significant importance in crating easiest way of analyzing the newly developed system. 1.6. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Yeha hotel gives several services like, generate report, employee payment, making reservation, and give guaranty for the customer property, food order, and employee selection, introduce hotel service, security for the garden, check availability. But for now we only focuses on making reservation, Check availability, and reserved, room information, introduce hotel service and register customer. LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT Due to different reasons like shortage of time, lack of materials (hardware and software), and others, our project do not implement the whole services. These services are: Employee selection Don’t include branch hotels Employee payment 1.8. OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT After finishing the project it will give a lot of advantages for the hotel as well as the customer and the society. Those advantages include the following things:- Well organized documentation for the hotel Well-developed web site 1.9. OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT The outcome of the project can be seen in many directions as: – The society able to get fast and better service Well organized administration Easy to access information from the hotel Introduce the hotel as internationally Avoiding conflict between workers 1.10 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1.10.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY Our project is feasible because there is no lose of collections of data To reduce number of employee or worker in the system as result it reduces the outcome (money) in the system.

South Africa's Criminal Justice System Research Paper

South Africa's Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example After this, the study discusses the positives and shortcomings of the South African criminal justice system. A contrast of South Africa’s legal system with the US criminal justice system then precedes the conclusion to the study. The Characteristics of the South African Criminal Justice System At the general level, South Africa has a hybrid criminal justice system, promoting legal pluralism as the country’s legal system developed. According to Mireku (2010), common law in South Africa comprises of a mixture of Dutch-Roman variant of civil law and English common law. The Roman-Dutch influences are traced from the 17th century colonization of South Africa by Holland, while the English influence results from English settlers later in the country’s historical account. The Roman-Dutch aspect of South African criminal law concerns the private law subjects including contractual agreements and family law as well as criminal law. Meanwhile, the English aspect involves the law of evidence and a number of other subjects in public law. Besides the two, South Africa also incorporates customary law within its legal system. Customary law is used where applicable and subject to the Constitution, especially operating in traditional/rural communities. Such communities use a combination of customary, civil/common law to regulate issues including marital issues and inheritance. Other than this, South African law is not codified and follows a similar pattern to the English system where interpretation is sought based on court decisions/precedents and individual statutes (Schwikkard, 2009). Another aspect of the characteristics of the South African legal system is its upholding constitutional supremacy and Universal Bill of Rights. Whereas the Apartheid regime was constructed on a parliamentary sovereignty, the contemporary South African criminal justice system is a constitutional democracy. This is underpinned through entrenching the Bill of Rights in law and a specialized supreme constitutional court. This court occupies the highest position in the judicial hierarchy and solely deals with constitutional maters and decisions interconnected with the constitution (Mireku, 2010). Substantive law in South Africa stems from the influence of the English legal system. According to Barratt and Snyman (2002), the British maintained the Royal-Dutch legal system instead of formally introducing their substantive law upon establishing colonial influence in South Africa early in the 19th century. However, the British figured that the Roman-Dutch system would not adequately cater for modern society requirements which led to innovative laws based on English Acts and using English precedents for interpretation. English procedural law was adopted, which were observed to influence substantive provisions. Moreover, the superior court judges and advocates received their training in England and, thus, tended towards English treatises. One of the aspects in whic h substantive law is exhibited is in the Bill of Rights, where 27 substantive provisions are provided for. Such provisions revolve around rights such as the right to life and the right to human dignity. Van der Merwe (2004) discusses procedural law in the South African criminal justice system, stating that it traces its roots to the influence of British occupation of South Africa in the 20th century. The colonial master introduced procedural law in all South African territories through