The Social and Academic Impacts on Children with Disabilities who are Essay

The Social and Academic Impacts on Children with Disabilities who are Receiving Inclusion in Schools - Essay ExampleOne of the initiatives of the No Child Left foot initiative, as well as other educational initiatives that wealthy person been mooted in recent times, is to include children with disabilities into unified classrooms, together with normal children. The Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990 was passed to guarantee equal access to education for children with disabilities. (Motwani, 2007). While the move towards comprehension is a recent trend, the debate on the merits and demerits of educational inclusion have been continuing for decades.This study proposes to concentrate a literature review on inclusion in schools and to examine the ramifications of inclusion for disabled children, in order to assess its relative aptitude. This study is purely a literature review and will not support its findings with empirical data gleaned from individual participants. The focu s of this research fret is to gain a full general idea of the relative merits and demerits of inclusion and its potential or the lack thereof, in affecting the well cosmos and successful integration of disabled students. Since the incidence of disability among students is becoming more widespread, this study is important because it examines star aspect of educational reform that could be effectively used for the benefit of these students, in order to unify them as productive members of society.The lack of empirical support for this study is one of its limitations. Moreover, this study confines itself to studies that have been carried out after the period of 1996, although some prior material is also examined. The focus of this research effort is on the current findings in the literature and how best it can demonstrate the progress sand efficacy of inclusion. The findings in this study support the conclusion that there is a greater amount of research necessary into the merits a nd demerits of inclusion, in terms of ethnographic studies on disabled students. However, the literature review does

Beyond the Multi-Ethnic Metropolis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beyond the Multi-Ethnic Metropolis - engagement ExampleMinority cultural flock in the district are more likely to be nourishment in overcrowded accommodation than white British residents. Overcrowding was a particularly common problem among the Bangladeshi, Chinese and Pakistani population. Commonly reported problems included damp and condensation, ineffective heating systems, poor insulation rough doors and windows, hazardous environments such as broken doors and windows, inadequate or malfunctioning amenities and poor tone of voice repairs and maintenance (p556.)Identifying the purpose of the researchIn the United States, substantial consideration has been given to the association of step forward of residence with economic disadvantage. This fact has added to understand polarization there. More recently, de Souza Briggs (2007) has pointed out that changes in settlements reflect the changing geography of race and opportunity (550). With this view, the study is conducted basi cally to explore the neglected housing experiences of minority ethnic people in small-town England. To discuss this aspect two key points are asserted. First, that minority ethnic people living in small towns bump into many of the same housing inequalities as their counterparts in metropolitan England. Second, that small town England presents a series of unique challenges demanding distinct responses not answered by the existing register base. This paper emphasizes that place plays an important role in deciding minority settlement patterns but in truth few studies have made effort to these to the place (549). Research and policy look for multiethnic seat of government for the specific social, cultural, political, economic and material situation while the rural and small-town England is overlooked.T hough such a need arises as Countryside Agency reported that by 2001 nearly 600 000 minority ethnic people were recorded as living in the 184 rural districts of England accounting for 4 .3 percent of the total population in these areas (551).

The Legal Profession in the United Kingdom Essay

The Legal Profession in the United Kingdom - Essay ExampleInfact, it was these very men of the cloth who first put send on the idea of a legal profession, which encompassed the right of litigious representation in the lawcourts of law (Encyclopaedia Britannica.) In the destine time, the native common law started to evolve at a lower place the aegis of a legal society called the Inns of coquette (Encyclopaedia Britannica). However, unlike today, this institution did not furnish any special or formal furrows for polishing the new(a) entrants to be the legal practitioners (Encyclopaedia Britannica). In fact, the members of this institution acquired the skills and the rights to become the legal practitioners through experience and apprenticeship (Encyclopaedia Britannica.)Thus during the product line of time, there developed a whole new range of legal agents in the UK. There were Serjeants who were considered to be the most elite of the advocates (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Then there existed the attorneys who enjoyed a legal sensibleity and under whom served many apprentices (Encyclopaedia Britannica). These apprentices, as they gained experience with time, were alleviated to the post of barristers (Encyclopaedia Britannica). With the establishment of the Courts of Chancery in the 16th century, solicitors were recognized as the valid agents of law, though the serjeants and the barristers still managed to retain the right of advocacy in the courts (Encyclopaedia Britannica).However, the legal profession in the UK ... century, the attorneys and the solicitors were literally chucked out from the Inns of Court and the schism between the role of the advocates and the attorneys became more apparent (Encyclopaedia Britannica). In the due course of time, all the barristers working in the UK were devoted the name solicitor, who rather willingly agreed to serve the clients under the authority and tutelage of attorneys (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Thus, by this time , there existed only two types of legal agents in the whole of UK, which were the solicitors and the attorneys, and the blood line of their roles become more stern and rigid than ever before.However, today the structure of the legal profession in the UK comprises of two branches that is the solicitors and the barristers. To put it simply, the role of the solicitors is primarily confined to extending legal advice to ones client, whereas the barristers actually represent their clients in the court rooms. That is, solicitors prepare and compile the paperwork associated with a case while the barristers fight the case on behalf of their clients in the courts of law. Solicitors make a variety of jobs for their clients that may include draft and managing all the legal correspondence on the behalf of a client.Rendering and extending legal advice to the clients regarding the legal issue being faced by them in a given scenario.Extending the advice to the clients regarding the family law is sues being faced by them that may include divorce, separation, child custody, division of assets, etc.Drafting the legal documents like contracts and agreements for business firms and corporations.Drafting of will for the clients.Conveyancing that is imparting legal advice and compiling and drafting the paper work for the

Dissertation proposal either in marketing, Finance or internantional Essay

Dissertation proposal either in marketing, Finance or internantional. business MBA level - canvas ExampleThe typical questions that come in mind are whether such factors have a solid impact in enhancing the gross sales of the company or not. If yes, then would it be beneficial for the companies to give to a greater extent focus towards their products packaging and placement of their products on shelves in retail stores. For exploring these questions, there is a need to give a research, which may provide guidelines to the companies and retailers regarding the packaging and shelf lay of products.Planned purchases do not implant all sales as a matter of fact, a significant portion of total sales is composed of impulse buying which shows inevitable variation with respect to factors such as packaging and shelf-positioning.Consequences In the absence of such a research, the marketers will certainly be at a loss. They will not be able to gain an insight into the relationship of factor s such as packaging and shelf positioning with proclivity buying, thereby obstructing their ability to manipulate these factors to their own advantage, which could otherwise lead to increased sale.The research written report selected as the base paper of this research is Unplanned Buying and In-Store Stimuli in Supermarkets, Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 11, zero(prenominal) 2. (May, 1990), pg. 111-121 by Abratt, R. and D.G. Stephen (1990).Impulse buying can be described as any purchase which a shopper makes but does not plan in advance and nowadays, a major junk of consumer purchases are existence made without advance or prior planning (Hawkin Stern, 1962). Moreover, Hawkin also argued that Impulse buying, despite certain connotations abandoned to it, has become an efficient and sensible way of buying goods and the incidence of impulse buying are growing.Impulse buying has been seen to be at work mostly in the case of FMCGs. Unplanned purchasing occurs in many types of retail outlets however, it is typically

Eisenstein and the Cinema of Montage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Eisenstein and the Cinema of Montage - Essay Examplere vigorous productions which knell through film theory to this day.However, this is non simply a paper on the history of Soviet silent film-it s an investigation into the significant innovations from this epoch. Many talented men entered this field over a short span of years and produced works deserving of attention and note, including Vsevolod Pudovkin, Fridrikh, Grigorii Kozintsev, Abram Room and Leonid Trauberg. Yet it is the development of a distinct theory of montage that still reverberates, and this theme is around apparent in the work of Sergei Eisenstein, most notably in the 1925 film Battleship Potemkin.For the Eisenstein of the silent film era, montage ... n quite st cheatling, juxtapositions of duck soups.5 His books stress the core significance of the idea, as we must fully recall the characteristics of cinemas effect that we stated ab initio and that establishing the montage approach as the essential, meaningful and sole possible language of cinema. 6 In this manner, The shot is by no means an element of montage. The shot is a montage cell. 7 As the dictation on Sound, released jointly by the formalist filmmakers Eisenstein, Pudovkin and Alexandrov in 1928 clearly states, The success of Soviet pictures on world screens is to a significant extent the result of a number of those concepts of montage which they first revealed and asserted.8 Although the concept of montage was a distinctly Soviet one, that does not mean it was alternative or on the fringe in that country. The atomic number 82 directors of the era openly acknowledged the importance of the technique, and were pleased that it helped distinguish a Soviet school of cinema, to the superman that these men issued joint statements to that effect.In terms of modern scholarship, a review of the Soviet montage method typically focuses on the contribution of Eisenstein, for his was the most brazen and distinct use of the method. He propa gated this method not only in his work but in his numerous writings on films. The swift thinning and visual juxtapositions read in a very distinct way from contemporary, non-Soviet cinema. In 1927, his films were referred to as plotless cinema by Adrian Piotrovsky, because they relied on exclusively cinematic means of expression.9 The narrative is clearly secondary to the montage. For Eisenstein, montage is conflict. As the basis of every art is conflict.10 Weaving distinct cells together creates more than what could simply

Health questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health questions - Essay ExamplePossession of sufficient friendship among the persons charged with the responsibility of providing self care is of great importance. Specifically, this knowledge includes knowledge with regard to issues ascribed to self-care. Another essential means is proper inter-personal and communication skills in order to enhance the provision of self-care services. Consequently, consultation is an imperative factor taken into consideration when providing self-care.Alternative Medical Systems is one of the domains of CAM these are medical systems based on practices as well as theory i.e. homeopathic medicine. Another domain of CAM is mind-body interventions that focus on enhancing the cognitive functionality in order to improve body processes. There is also Biologically-Based therapies that involve the use of herbs and medicine to improve biological functions. Manipulative Body-based Therapies are the fourth domain of the CAM practices this domain involves proc esses of manipulating certain parts of the body.E- foul up is basically electronic waste materials it is a major problem to the contemporary society owing to the fact that most of them are non-biodegradable gravel challenges with regard to disposal or

Public International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public International law - Essay ExampleWhat this nitty-gritty is that where in that respect atomic number 18 gross violations of human rights without internal structures to mitigate the twinge of victims, alternative forces assume the right and duty to throw in and correct the situation. It must be understood that governments that tend towards gross violation of human rights ar inescapably despotic in nature (Engelhart, 2009). This aspect of their being means that they must systematically destroy systems that are structurally opposed to their ideals of violence and philosophies of oppression and suppression. In time therefore there is left no meaningful forces within the despotic system to safeguard the rights of the citizens. The absence of a corrective mechanism means that the violations will go on as long as the oppressor lasts (Engelhart, 2009). This situation therefore warrants the intervention of world-wide powers to protect, restore, and sustain human rights. Moreov er in situations where some of the despotic governments refuse to be fellowship to international protocols that bind them towards the protection of human rights only external forces sack up move in to alleviate the suffering of the citizens. ... The relationship between governments and the international protocols on human rights can still be seen in the imprimatur dimension of member countries that still flout the codes for the preservation of the same rights they undertook to protect. at that place have been cases where countries which are party to the United Nations protocols turn round and start oppressing their civilians with little regard to the essence of rights, freedoms, and the sanctity of human rights. There are case studies all around the globe although parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and The Middle East have featured most prominently in this disregard of human rights. Mass murder, arbitrary confinement, summary execution, and grasp without trial are some of t he examples that feature among the countries that renege on their intelligent obligations to safeguard their citizens rights and freedoms. This willful subvert and subjugation of the rights of individuals must be met with direct and active measure from whatever source for the sole mapping of restoring the just order as idealized in the principles of good governance and as enshrined in legal systems, both foreign and local. Another argument for this measure should be that laws are meant to be kept and that there must be consequences attached to non-compliance. One case study of such intervention is illustrative in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces intervention of the Kosovo crisis to ease the magnitude of human suffering and the walk of individual rights and freedoms under the authority of the then president Slobodan Milosevic. Although the magnitude of human suffering was great it can be argued that the intervention of the foreign forces

American Government Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government - Assignment ExampleIn a free-market democracy, the mankind ultimately decides as to how the press needs to act. If the semblance of truth in the general public will not catch ones breath the motivating force for the press in future, neither free press nor democracy will view hope (Bivins, 2009).In the U.S, the media acts as the watchdog for the public. The news organizations use an-house critic to hear about public complaints. After that, the media broadcasts or publishes their judgments. In addition, the press creates citizens council which hears public complaints about the media and they issue verdicts, which are then windy widely (Edwards, 2001).Even though the freedom of the press is protected under the first Amendment, the freedom is sometimes restricted. The freedom for the press received little support from a bigger number of states. Punishment was permitted for defamatory and seditious publications. In many states, truth is not defense to allegations of defamation. In any case a story discredits the reputation of any public official, the publisher is held responsible for money damages even if the create story is accurate. In states where truth is allowed as a form of defense, the publisher carries the burden of demonstrating its veracity (Bailyn,

Weekly Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly Reflection - Essay voiceThe rights of the suspected criminal are guaranteed by the 4th, 5th and 6th amendments of the constitution of the United States (Miller, 2011). Substantive practice of law originates from the legislative statues and the common legal system.On the other hand, politeized law is recognized as the subdivision of common law which deals with the relations between institutions and individuals. This law entails certain rules, which are used by variant jurisdictions in order to determine the sentence for a criminal offense in regard to the affinity between an institution and an individual. According to various scholars, these regulations are designed in order to ensure judge in the courts of law (Miller, 2011). Civil law can be distinguished from substantive law. In fact, civil law defines the procedure which allows the action of the law. Lastly, there are civil rights, which are closely interrelated to the civil law. Some of these rights include the rig ht to life, justice and education among others (Miller,

Human Dignity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Dignity - Essay ExampleThere are number of examples in the history where homo dignity took priority over mishandling of mankind. For example, the inhuman treatment of workers in the hands of incline people made the church to take action and introduce human rights through labor unions. By this way, the human dignity became the yardstick for judging the political, moral and social aspects of a society.Nowadays the void among lavish and poor is on the rise, which is contrary to human dignity. This happened due to misuse of power by the rich people. Chances of a nuclear war in different regions of the world spoiled the life of poor countries. This crook was overcome with the help of United Nations to introduce incentives and pay more attention to peaceful settlement of the human issues instead of war to restore the human dignity.Therefore, it is evident from history the human are born eject and have the right to live their lives with morality and justice. Human dignity deman ds equal treatment of all humans in religion, sports, politics, medical and economics

Modern Microecon, Consumer Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Microecon, Consumer Theory - Essay ExampleIn raw economic terms, benefit is a measure of consumer satisfaction, that is, how much satisfaction a consumer derives from the consumption of a superb or a service. Budget constraint on the other hand represents the combination of goods or services an individual basin consume or purchase in consideration to given monetary values with his or her limited income. Combining the deuce concepts forms the foundation of consumer theory. The utility theory provides a methodological framework whereby usually, all individuals, organizations and firms evaluate given options. emolument is a term used to describe the satisfaction that each of the given options provide to the one reservation the decision. Hence, the basis of the utility theory is that each individual exit choose that option which tends to maximize utility, work on what is called the maximization principle. This principle states that the most desirable choice is the one with the highest level of satisfaction. However, turn making these decisions, the individual must also consider his income earned along with the respective prices of the goods and services in question. ... Total utility continuously rises as consumption increases. This rise becomes smaller as more units of a product are consumed, it can also decline after a certain level of consumption. On the other hand, borderline utility measures the change in consumption benefit as a outlet of consuming one more or one less unit of a product. In other phrases, marginal utility tracks the change in total utility as the number of units consumed changes. The behavior of marginal utility is such that it tends to fall continuously as consumption of a product increases. This is because the first some units consumed of a product provide a higher level of satisfaction than the later few. For example, the first swallow of water is worth a lot more to a thirsty individual than his seventh one. For a con sumer to be in offset certain conditions need to be met. The consumers are assumed to be discerning in their decision whereby they aim to maximize the utility derived from the consumption of any product. It is also assumed that consumers have got limited incomes and that the value of utility can be quantified in monetary terms. The equi-marginal principle states that a consumer will be in equilibrium if it is not possible to switch expenditure from good X in favour of good Y to achieve an increase in total utility. In other word this principle is satisfied when the marginal utility of every dollar spent on a good is equal to the price paid for that good. If a basket of goods is in question, an individual will continue to garble the mix of consumption of the products until the marginal utility of a dollar spent on each of the goods is equal. Therefore, the equilibrium principle can be expressed as MUx/Px=MUy/Py, where MU is the marginal utility and P is the price of the good. Con sumer

Politics of education Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics of genteelness - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe protagonist has quick wit and street smarts as his wealth to survive in the city and fight odds that comes across his way.Alger has brilliantly connected situations to make the changes look so easy and entice for emerging young minds. The author has put a patron in place to turn stopcocks luck then he sends Dick to escort his nephew along his tour which changes the heros life. Though Alger is trying to explore the inspiring example of an orphaned bootblacks rags-to-riches experience, he keeps a place for the wonderful fictional literature too. Alger compares the buildings of New York to palaces, and in the development of the tosh he makes it a comfortable reading by the inclusion of all essential characters ranging from a patron to the villain. Altogether, the journey of an underdog from hassle Dick to Richard Hunter perfectly blends all essential features that can evoke optimism among the under privileged.The Lesson i s a bosh told in the first person narration by the central character Sylvia about her life in the neighborhood consisting of several under cared children and their encounters with fate. There is a fictional Fifth avenue in the story as a dream model of their lifestyle around which all the discussions develop. Bambara places the theme based on the strong will, intelligence and leadership of an African American preteen girl with intent to challenge the pragmatical meaning of democracy in the country. The story walks on the economic line that makes a visible detachment between the rich and the poor with sensible dialogues to challenge the American societys indifference towards the financially destitute natives and communally separated migrants. Bambara introduces Miss Moore as a messenger to exhibit the glory of cultivation to show the children how life can be turned gaining with academic excellence.On the other hand, The

Food Truck Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

sustenance Truck Business Plan - Assignment Exampleintends to expand its operations and purchase a support wagon to operate in dissimilar regions. The company also plans to do a considerable orbit of sales through cookery, delivery of arepas, and having the wagon located near and in military bases, port of savannah during weekends and topical anaesthetic festivals. An estimate of ? of the total sales revenue is expected to come from these truck operations. In post to avoid and reduce inventory spoilage, the company plans to offer delivery services of regimen and beverages to third party cafes, restaurants and other food serving points for the period of intemperate conditions. Arepa Food Truck will stay veritable to its name by offering different arepa varieties. The hallmark of the unique style of the organization is the combination of arepa with cheese, avocado, jam, egg, and jelly. The different varieties offered by the company include the basic grilled arepas (arepa Vall una), arepa de queso, arepa Choclo (with cheese), arepa de huevo (with egg), and arepas rellenas (sandwich arepas). 2 securities industry Feasibility Currently, the United States preservation is still recovering from the 2010 economic recession. Though this recession affected many businesses, Arepa Truck Food Inc. is judge to make profits. The company will sustain its profitability from the high sales margins from the sale of its products. Moreover, the business is liquid and can be shifted to regions where it can make considerable sales. Presently, in that respect are no high quality, Latin American cuisines being offered in twain Savannah and Beaufort. Arepas Truck Food Inc. will offer pertly prepared arepas with a diverse organic menu that will permit the patrons to customize their arepas as match to their preferences. Every customer order will be expected to take not more than trine minutes. One of the significant concerns for the business is how to price its products affordably during seasons of thorns of oil prices (Martins, 2013). The food and beverage retail industry has experience an enthusiastic level of growth over the past few years. The United States Economic Census indicates that there are more than 22 cafeterias, mobile food services and specialty restaurants in Savannah and Beaufort. This depend is, however, anticipated to augment over the next few years. Additionally, this industry seems to experience a 10% enlarge in sales per year. Reports also indicate that the food and beverage industry is worth more than 30 million US dollars and experiences an average sales income of 21 million US dollars annually (Elmore, 2010). 3 Market Size Statistics indicate that there are currently more than 250, 000 people living in both Savannah and Beaufort. There are approximately five military bases in both areas with a macrocosm of approximately 10, 000 people. Furthermore, the port of Savannah has an approximate of 4, 000 people in a day. On th e other hand, the local festivities such as the St. Patrics Day celebrations, Home Water Festival, and the Shrimp Festival attract more than 5, 000 tourists per year (Elmore, 2010). These are the companys principal target market segments. The average income of residents in both areas is estimated to be between 6, 000$ to 10, 000$. On the other hand, it is estimated that tourists spend more than 3 million US dollars during the festivities. The positions and locations of the food trucks to make stops were selected based on the amount of food vendors that those regions receive and the number of prospective patrons in the regions. Savannah and Beau

How does the weather from a meteorologist stand point affect playing Essay

How does the run condition from a meteorologist stand steer affect playing football game game game - Essay ExampleWhen making football predictions people usually show into condition factors such as history, temporary form of team, statistics, suspended and injured players. However, they r arly check the weather, a factor that is often overlooked but coffin nail greatly influence the football matches outcome. Weather conditions not only affect individual players, but also affect the condition of the football delivery and this skunk affect players performance (Wesson, 2002). A particular weather condition affects how players play, how they pass, as well as their king to determine how effective certain tactics argon within that system. True originals in football clubs are aware of the importance of weather. This explains the reason why most of major football clubs hire the services of professional meteorologists to obtain the most accurate information regarding the conditio ns on the time and day of the game (American Football Coaches Association, 2002). This penning leave behind discuss how the weather from a meteorologist standpoint affects playing football. One of the most common weather situations in football is the rainy weather. This situation makes the football ground more slippery and may pass water the ball to move faster and to slide. However, this condition may be perfect for teams who like quick movements with some(prenominal) tactics and short passes (Hyde, 2009). If the rain becomes quite strong or continues for a long time, the pitch will be over flooded and this will disrupt passes and slow down the ball. This is especially true for matches that are played on champaigns with poor drainage system and which are not able to make unnecessary the ground in perfect condition. Since such conditions makes heavy tackles inevitable, they tend to favor teams with better physical abidance (Biskup, 2010). It is for this reason that it is crit ical for meteorologists to examine whether it will rain, and how much rain is expected. In rainy conditions, football pitch is likely to be slippery and this can have a major impact on the design of goals that can be scored in a given match. Rain will not only blockade safe capture of the ball by the goalkeeper, but also will reduce the balls visibility in the long shots (Hurley, 2013). The second most common weather situation in football is the windy weather. Wind affects any sport that involves flying objects in an open place. Strong wind can affect teams who prefer playing with long passes because it changes the balls movement and players must take into consideration the direction of the wind. Strong winds may impact playing conditions, with throwing and kicking becoming especially hard (Wesson, 2002). irrelevant other weather conditions, wind tends to affect both teams equally it is considered to be an equal-opportunity hazard. It causes players to have more runs and this co ntent less overall plays because plays use more time. As a result, there are less field goal attempts due to reduced passing effectiveness. Also, the winds have an impact on the fans attending a football match (Guy and Sang, 2009). Besides, football fans enjoying tailgating have to make sure that all their personal items are securely held down, or risk having them being blown away. However, it should be noted that that the effect of wind on playing football is prominent only in significantly windy conditions that exceed 15 mph. In addition, temperature is a weather

Procter & Gamble Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Procter & run a assay Paper - Case Study ExampleThis became rather beneficial for the P&G to improve its mark image and position in the market among others. In the year 1890, Procter & Gamble integrated extra funds so as to enhance the business process of the P&G. Moreover, advanced machines and analytical labs were too introduced so as to improve the soap making procedure of P&G. It was the archetypal research labs in the American industry which augmented the status and the corporate image of P&G in the market among others and marked the follow as a market leader (Eugene, 2005). After that the go with continued to expand and develop for the next 120 years with the help of extensive research and development, modernization and planetary expansions. Apart from this, P&G also developed new products such as tide detergent and Crest toothpaste, which became quite famous in the market. This ultimately facilitated P&G to become a global market leader by 1993 resulting in the enha ncement of the sales by US$30 billion. At this time, P&G was not only a market leader but also an innovator of new product lines which were highly appreciable among the other com positron emission tomographyitors. This helped to improve the market share and the brand identity of the company in the international market. This as a result improved the turnover of the company to a wide extent. Still, P&G continued its pace of movements and in the year 1999, it purchased a pet food producing company Iams. At that time, Iams was also one of the reputed brands in the sector of pet food manufacturing in the US. Hence, this helped P&Gs endeavor to become a multinational corporation working worldwide. Iams was a company developed by an animal nutritionist with the vision to improve the welfare of the dogs and cats by crack them with eminent quality of foods and care. As P&G deals with animal well-being which is one of the significant responsibilities of PETA, so its role is mandatory. PETA r efers to people for the ethical treatment of animals which was established in 1980 so as to defend the rights of the animals and fend for the interests of the animals. However, unfortunately certain unethical conducts of P&G on the animals hampered its brand image and marked the root system of the investigation by PETA (Eugene, 2005). Question 1 Due to unethical treatment of animals, Procter & Gamble had faced risk of reputation damage (Eugene, 2005). Therefore, damage in reputation can impact upon the communication of stakeholders with the company. It is uncertain that how the stakeholders bequeath react in the reputation crisis of Procter and Gamble. The stakeholders can be any group which can impact or can be impacted by the performance of Procter & Gamble, such as advertisement agencies, financiers, wholesalers, traders, community groups, competitors, customers, clients, employees, franchises, global managers, investors, constabulary administration officers, licensers, media , politicians, suppliers and salespersons. Among them the most significant stakeholders that will be affected most are customers, clients, suppliers, financiers, law administration officers, licensers and investors. Protecting reputation is vital for any organization in order to retain a position in the market and to avoid poor status in the industry. Managing the reputation is the way round how an organization is satisfying the expectations of stakeholders on the basis of past performances. Reputation is extensively acknowledged as a worthy intangible resource which helps to entice more customers and investors,

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example for Free

The Bloody Chamber EssayThe major sense of hopelessness arises when the heroine enters the bloody chamber in her newly wedded husbands castle. The impact of this moment is powerful because up to nowadays the bride is portrayed as a nave blushing bride. At this point it can be sensed that death awaits her. Once she passes the ill-lit corridor she crosses the boundary into the realm of death, mutilation, blood and horror. The passage leading up to this point has been thoroughly depict by Carter. Angela Carter goes as farthermost as to personify the chamber walls, they gleamed as if they were sweating with fright. Initially the report begins in an excited garbled state, but as the description becomes detailed it invokes a sense of immediacy. At the height of suspense we are led to the dead corpse with, the dead lips smiled making the situation evening more drastic. Carter then strangely begins to describe the surroundings with elegant imagery, yet the skull was still so beau tiful, had shapes with unstained planes. As the bride becomes familiar with her surroundings there is a growing sense of tension and when she finally comes grimace to face with the previous bride she is overwhelmed and is forced to escape the horrors.The imagery used at this point is particularly gloomy and highlights the use of dismal situations by Angela Carter, She was pierced, not by one but by one light speed spikes. Angela Carters use of dread(a) circumstances transforms the fairy tale conventions beyond its boundaries and into the realm of gothic fantasy. Carter also uses carry on periods of tense feelings to create an atmosphere of pressure fear. Also by adding horrific detail and descriptive references to grammatical gender the story no longer fits into the classic fairy tale genre.Angela Carter makes good use of narrative, plots, imagery and speech to create scenes in horrific detail that helps to capture the readers attention. Angela Carter also uses unpromising situations in The Tigers Bridei to capture the audience. The Tigers Bride is a reworking of beauty and the Beast. Angela Carter tries to engage the reader by using language and imagery in fact the miss is not disgusted by the tiger but by his mask. Carter also uses alliteration with the soft give way of s making the description of the masher sound comforting where in reality he is far from it, He must bathe himself in scent, soak his shirt. The heroines reaction to the beastsisituation is pity and she confronts her fear by exposing herself to the beast as well. The actual moment of the tigers nakedness has a powerful impact on beauty. This can be supported by, The annihilating vehemence of his eyes, like twin suns. Beautys response to the beasts naked form is, I matt-up my breasts ripped apart as if I suffered a marvellous wound. The final transformation occurs when Beauty joins the tiger in his own environment, where the laws of the material world have no meaning.This is a d iscover point where all the excited emotions become resolved. This can be proven when beauty says, I, white, shaking, raw approaching him as if offering, in myself, the key to a peaceable kingdom in which his appetite need not be my extinction. Carters use of a desperate situation where the heroine is not a victim but a character that is strong and in control, takes this story away from the traditional convention of fairytales. Also Beautys transformation takes this genre into the realm of fantasy. The strong references to sexual urge also go against the conventions of fairy tales.In the climax of the story where the situation seems to become desperate and hopeless, Carter empowers beauty. accordingly beauty is able to control her desires. I believe by doing this Carter can manipulate the structure and rules of the genre. Cartersiuse of desperate situations and emotional instability totally contradicts the fairy Carters use of the above techniques takes apart the readers expectati ons of this genre, leaving them open mind to almost anything. Ultimately Carter thus keeps the reader interested and intrigued.

My Best Friend Essay Example for Free

My Best Friend undertakeDont walk in front of me, I may not follow slangt walk behind me, I may not lead Just walk beside me, and be my friend. Im going to describe someone who means the world to me and also has a huge impact in my life. I have one such good friend who walks beside me and who extends her hand, when I am about to slip and fall. She is my superior asset in life, which I treasure more than boththing else in this world. She is my best friend. My best friend is Mahliet Mersha. We practice from the kindred neighborhood. Our houses are situated close to each differents. Both Mahliet and I are of same age and be foresightful to more or less same economic background. In fact, what has cemented our friendship deep is that our families have been close to each other for a long time.My father and Mahliets father were good friends back in Ethiopia. Another reason, which probably helped us to pose good friends, is that we have grown together. We have spent our childh ood days playing, fighting, learning, and enjoying together. Mahliet and I generally go to school together but I will be leaving Mahliet because its going to be my final year. Mahliet has many excellent qualities of heart and mind. Her simplicity, smartness, neatness, intelligence, straightforwardness, cool temperament, pleasant behavior, gentle ways, dutifulness, etc. have do her one of the most liked and popular students in the school. Mahliets sweet temperament is her greatest quality. She neer hurts others or speaks ill of others. She has an amazing personality. She also helps me more than anybody.She tries to do all she can to make me come up to her level. She neer goes to any movies or party without me. I do the same for her. My best friend has been through a lot she is currently living with me sometimes and also living with my other friend Helen. Ive helped Mahliet from day one she was having problems at home and not living a healthy life. When perpetually I am sick, she is the first to come and see me. There is no function in my home without her presence. both these have combined to make our friendship deep and lasting. The best trait that I admire and like most in my friend is her disciplined life.She gets up on time, does her homework always, attends school regularly, respects her teachers and elders and never indulges in unhealthy ways such as, smoking, taking alcohol, idling away time, skipping classes etc. Her principle of concern first- enjoyment second is something that I find difficult to follow, yet try to imitate. She corrects me whenever I commit any mistake. For me she is a source of inspiration, support and also a role model to imitate. I am ever grateful to the almighty for having given me such a good friend. I cherish it as my greatest treasure. I am sure our friendship will grow deeper and deeper in the years to come. I give care everyone had such friends in life. I know I can always count on Mahliet whenever I need her and she a lso feels the same way. My best friend brings joy to me.

Business Payment Methods Essay Example for Free

Business Payment Methods EssayAt this clip of building my business I need to consider the ways in which I will permit my customers to pay for the books that they buy from my book store. Today there are a vast array of compensation solutions available for any buyer of goods and services and to buy books, almost all modes of payment available female genitalia be functiond by the customer whether it is electronically or by direct use of ride at the shop or by paying in cash. If the customer is regular and can be trusted or is a regular bulk customer, check payments can also be accepted.In view of the competitions in the sales event of books I have to take some element of risk in this regard in keeping with the business practices. For direct sales at the store a big choice of payments are available to the customer. He can pay directly in cash or by credit or account card. I believe cash payment has the least hassles relevant as the money has already come in the moment a s ale is done. In the ase of debit and credit cards a wide margin has to be provided for without any applicable discounts since a parcel of the sale amount has to be given to the financial introductions as part of the applicable commission for use of their services.The business of electronic payments is growing rapidly in view of the convenience involved and a wide array of payment options are available which are acceptable in the case of my book store. In addition to the tradition card payments other options are also cceptable to me such as mail order, online payments, getting bank payments and through payment bureaus.I understand that as long as a sale is taking place I can accept 2 any of these payment modes provided the financial institution is reputed to make fast payments and is reliable for its transparency in fair dealings. In such cases I whitethorn have to reduce my margins a little, but that is ok since most businesses work on volumes and hence I can make up on the low m argins.

Solitary Confinement and what it does to Your Mind Essay Example for Free

lone more or less(a) Confinement and what it does to Your Mind Essay yield picturing this you argon locked in this cadre for 23 hours a day. The cell is microscopic ab prohibited 6 feet by 8 feet. In the cell there is a steel toilet, a sink reinforced in the top. There is also a steel bed with a very thin matress.There is small shelf for some of your personal items, and a desk hanging off the wall with forth a chair. There is a window that is more or less 5 inches wide and about 4 feet tall, but you bedt see out of it. Its do of fog clouded glass. The window is also covered with steel with little holes. What Im describing is a cell in a section of a prison called lone(a) lying-in. While prisoners argon in solitary labour they are forced to be in this tiny cell for 23 hours a day. They are only allowed to come out for recreation five times a hebdomad for one hour. Their rec in a cage. They are allowed to take three showers a week, and it buttocks only be for five minut es. alone(p) project is the project of a prisoner in a cell or other mail in which he or she is completely isolated from others. In my opinion Solitary confinement is barbaric, and does to a greater extent harm than it does justice. These criminals are being released derriere into their neighborhoods by and by being locked up with no tender-hearted come home for years.Solitary confinement has been around since the 19th century and mental instability has been linked to solitary confinement since the 1860s. Prison records from the Denmark institute during 1870-1920 shows that staff noticed inpatients were showing signs of mental illness while in isolation, telling that this persistent problem has been around for decades. Solitary confinement was demonstrable as a hu firearme alternative. In 1970, the Quackers built Walnut Street Jail in Philidelphia with a, Revolutionary and too many mane purpose.The toss out was meant to punish and reform. Walnut Street is known as the Birthplace of the modern prison system. There are two types of solitary confinement that are commonly used today. One type is called disciplinary segregation. This is when youre in solitary for a week or two for doing something standardised stealing a cellmates radio. other type of solitary confinement is known as admistrative segregation. This segregation is used when inmates are deemed a chance to the safety of other inmates or heretofore prison staff. When youre in administrative segregation you can be isolated for months even years.In my opinion Solitary Confinement can founder someones mental and their life. Solitary confinement used to be when prisoners would get thrown in the whole, and stay there for a couple of days. Now prisoners are in solitary confinement for years. expert imagine yourself locked in a room with just a bed for years. Would you still be sensible? I dont estimate anyone would come out of that the same person they were before they entered into solita ry confinement. Solitary confinement has been recognized as difficult to withstand. Psychological stressors such as isolation can be as clinically distressing as physical torture. But ironically U.S prisons pull in increasingly embraced solitary confinement to punish and control difficult or dangerous prisoners.The prisoners live with extensive surveillance and security controls, the absence of ordinary social interaction, abnormal environmental stimuli, with sometimes just three to five hours a week of recreation alone in caged enclosure. They only have little, if any educational, vocational, or other activities. Isolation can be psychologically harmful to anybody, and any prisoner. The effects of solitary confinement can have a very strong impact on prisoners that already have a mental disorder. Suicides occur more often in the isolation sections of the jails. Being isolated for a long period of time takes a toll on your mental state. Many prisoners have said they dont know how to interact with other adult male beings aft(prenominal) being in isolation. In 2007, researchers at the University of Washington reported that prisoners released directly from super scoop shovel prisons into the community have committed new crimes sooner than prisoners who have been released from segregation back into general state for several months before being released. after being locked up in solitary confinement some prisoners find I hard to socialize and suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.Some have said they can be around people and still feel alone. Some inmates have reported that have unrestrained breakdowns, and dont know why. One prisoner I read about cognomend Anthony Graves said, That solitary confinement is the worst in gentlee treatment to a man. After someone has been locked away in a tiny cell for 23 hours I dont know how people can count that wouldnt have a negative effect on someone. Previously healthy prisoners have developed clinical symptoms us ually associated with psychosis or severe affective disorders including all types of psychiatric morbidity Many have committed suicide. Individuals do vary in how well they can deal with living in isolation, however. For prisoners with pre-existent mental or emotional disorders, living without normal human interaction, physical and mental activity and input can aggravate their symptoms to levels equivalent to torture.In one complaint filed against the Connecticut Department of Correction in August 2003, social isolation and sensory deprivation drove some prisoners to lash out by swallowing razors, smashing their heads into walls or cutting their flesh. I read an denomination about disseminated sclerosis prison. In this oblige it talked about how at one point in time the inmates kept in solitary confinement for up to 23 hours each day, allowed out only in shackles and escorted by guards, they were restless and sore made more so by the excrement-smeared walls, the insects, the d irty food trays and the mentally ill inmates who screamed in the night, conditions that a hazard had already ruled unacceptable. So it was not really surprising when violence increased in 2007 an inmate stabbed to death with a homemade spear that May in June, a suicide in July, other stabbing in August, a prisoner killed by a member of a rival gang. After all of this happened instead of the prison tightening stricter restrictions they loosened them. They allowed the prisoners out long-lasting. They built a basketball court, and a group dining area.They set up rehabilitation programs, and allowed the prisoners to work towards greater privileges. In response to these changes the Mississippi prison atmosphere changed. The prisoners were better behaved, and the violence went down. I read an article about a man named Daud Tulam, who spent 18 years in isolation at the New Jersey State prison. He spent 23 hours a day alone in in a cell no bigger than a bathroom, and he had one hour in a concrete exercise yard. Tulman was displace to isolation because prison officers caught him trying to attack another prison officer. After being in isolation for 18 years Tulman has trouble making small talk. Tulman doesnt engage in conversation even after being out of jail. Tulman is taking a welding class, and he often hides in the back of the class.When the teacher looks at his work, he doesnt even make eye contact, but just looks at the floor. Tulman has lost all his social skills. I read another article about a correctional officer named Gary Harkins, who worked in a prisons isolation unit for 25 years. Before reading this article I never even considered the effect isolation could have on the workers. Gary worked for Oregon State Penitentiary. In the article he states that he didnt really understand how much stress he was under. At night Harkins would daydream about his work, he felt like he couldnt get away from his job. He worked in giant, windowless, olden prisons, and i t would be months until he would get to see the sun. He was in the isolation unit for 12 hours a day.The prisoners and officers didnt interact like they interact if they were in general population. Harkins began to feel trapped as if he were one of the prisoners. I watched documentary called Lockup, and it featured an inmate named Bobby Ray Gilbert known as snake who spent 19 years in admistrative segregation. Gilbert was convicted of robbery, assault, escape and two counts of murder. Gilbert expressed in the documentary that being in isolation changes the way you think. He said he day dreams about blowing the prison up and killing everybody in it. During the documentary Gilbert attempted to starve himself to death after he found out he was going to be transferred to a prison close to home.I watched another documentary about Solitary Confinement. In this documentary it featured an Inmate by the name of Jusue Gonzales. In this documentary you can see how all Gonzales does is walk ba ck and forth. He said that he can actually see imprints in the floor, where another inmate was doing the same things hes doing. In this documentary Gonzales expresses that it hurts being locked up in that cell. He said sometimes he just cries. In this documentary the prison guards say that the prisoners are so desperate for human contact that they will do something negative just to get a reaction. These inmates will go to extremes just to get some human contact. Humans depend on other humans for survival. So when there is no type of human contact, these prisoners feel all alone. They start to feel helpless.As I stated before I think that solitary confinement is UN lawful and doesnt do any good. I think that solitary confinement should be banned, or at least be used for up to 2 days. When I hear of inmates being in solitary confinement for years just sound crazy. I know I couldnt go away being locked in my room for an hour. When someone is locked away in a tiny cell for 23 hours out of the day, its really rare they come out sane. I think as a society we need to find other alternatives to really rehabilitate these individuals. Solitary Confinement is no longer working. The conditions are way too inhumane. In my opinion solitary confinement is just creating animals. You are going away these angry men and woman in a tiny cell with little to no human contact for 23 hours out of a day. Do you really expect someone to come out rehabilitated and ready to do well? No, they are just going to come out of jail angry and bitter, and most likely end back up in Solitary Confinement.Work CitedBall, B. (2012, Oct 31).What life is like in solitary confinement at north carolinas central prison.McClatchy-Tribune Business News. 1-10 21 Oct 2012. Website. Solitary Confinement. Wikipedia 1-6. 10 Oct 2012. WebsiteSullivan, Laura. (2006). In U.S Prisons Thousands Spend Years in Isolation. 1-3. 21 Oct 2012. Website. Sullivan, Laura. (2006). Making it on the outside after decades in so litary. 1-6. 21 Oct 2012. Website. Sullivan, Laura. (2006). Hear Harkins Tell his story. 1-3. 21 Oct 2012 Website. Weir, Kirsten. (2012). Alone in the hole, Vol 43, No.5, page 54. 21 Oct 2012. Website.

Customer Service Careers Essay Example for Free

Customer Service C beers EssayWhat does Customer Service mean to you? Is it simply taking make do of your daily customers needs? What about the concept that your employees are also your customers? Does that change your outlook on the thinking of customer service?This essay will explain the internal customer concepts of homosexual relations. Human relations, in definition, are the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people. (Lamberton, p.4) As a manager, you need to take the needs and wants of your employees. You should have an effective training program that is set up with clear guidelines and expectations.Providing feedback during the training and throughout employment is crucial. This allows for open communication between management and employees. Future goals bottomland be discussed and additional training available to aid them on those journeys. Areas of remedyment can also be discussed without singling out the negative.Read more(prenominal)Cus tomer Service in Leisure and RecreationIn human relations it is very important to know the values instilled by the company. It is also important to foster the employees understand and accept the values of others without compromising their personal integrity. (Lamberton, p.114) Communication and compromise are vital in any organization. It is not necessary to disregard your values for someone elses, merely understanding where they are feeler from and finding common ground to build on.Youre job in human relations is help bridge those gaps and assist in dealing with those conflicts. Something powerful happens when people see themselves as variance of healthy, working(a) community and have a positive experience of that. (Everett, p.78) Positive attitudes, job satisfaction, high morale, and positive reinforcements are just a few examples of ways to succeed. Involving employees in decisions and setting realistic goals will help to improvemotivation as well.Employees need to feel that they matter as individuals, not just a part of the company. Managers are crucial in developing mutual respect, self-esteem, and solving conflicts. The better your communication skills are the more likely you are to be successful. Also, being able to maintain a positive attitude increases the morale of your internal customers, or employees.ReferencesEverett, Melissa (2007) Making a Living While Making a conflict Conscious Careers for an Era of Interdependence Lamberton, Lowell, Minor, Leslie (2010) Human Relations Strategies for success

Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Essay Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Good morning to our teacher Pn. Devi and our friends. I am chien yen. I am Wan Yi. We argon honoured to give a talk on advantages and disadvantages of medicine usage. I probably dont have to work very nasty to get lot to see that in that respect re eithery is no right time, place, or situation to try medicates, but Im going to try anyway. There are several different reasons why teens might act upon to drugs . One of them could be that they just want to be complaisant and have fun. Usually, it is in a social setting that teens first try drugs.The teen years is when most adolescents do their experimenting with different things, and this could overly be another reason why they might try drugs. They also might be mislead to approximate that addiction couldnt happen to them, so I can stop whenever I want is frequently an excuse. Another reason could be that they want to seem mature , or cool. Many teens think that using drugs sterilise them seem more grown-up and confident, but in fact, it shows just how immature they are. By giving into peer squash and not being able to think for themselves, the only thing they prove is that they are naive.Everybody knows that parents are oversize influence in childs flavor, but sometimes children might feel pressured or controlled by their parents and decide to rebel against them. Using drugs is a very common way of rebelling be stir the parents might not point know that its going on right under their noses. School, friends, relationships, and more other things could also be adding to the render of teens today, and the pressure alone might drive them to drugs because they think its comforting. The truth is that it adds more stress to their lives in the long run.There are many dangers that come along with drug use. The greatest danger is death, but there are several other risks and consequences that should definitely be taken into consideration. Drugs can cause addiction, brain damage, liver failure, and many other serious health problems. The use of drugs can also equal the exploiters family and friends. They can be dragged into the users problem and get addicted themselves. The user could also end up being abandoned by his or her family and friends because nobody really wants to be around drug users.There are so many benefits that come along with a drug free lifestyle. I think most people probably already know the major benefit life. I believe life is too short to waste time worrying about the consequences of doing drugs. Teenagers are in a bad way(p) enough these days with work, school, family, and friends that we dont need any additional reasons to be stressed or feel overwhelmed. Life is hard sometimes, but the misconception that drugs will make it better just makes it that more than worse. Another benefit of drug free lifestyle is having a completely functional brain.School is hard fo r many teenagers, and they have to struggle to get by, so add drugs into the equation, and it makes school that much harder. Then what happens if the someone decides that school is too hard? They give up, and live the rest of their life poor because they never terminate high school and cant get a decent job. Theres also the fact that there would be a lost less money spent on medical exam bills. Tobacco causes cancer, alcohol causes liver problem, inhalants cause brain damage, and all of the other drugs have their health issues also. If they were no drugs, there wouldnt be as many health problems.If there werent as many health problems, there wouldnt be as much money spent at the hospital. If there was less money spent at the hospital, the doctors might be mad, but the persons life would be so much better overall Seriously, not doing drugs can prevent a anatomy of health problems. Overall, there is never a right time, place, or situation to use drugs. Also, almost all the reasons that teens might use drugs are just misconceptions. This doesnt only go got teenagers. Many adults use drugs , and the selfsame(prenominal) risks apply to adult drug users.

World Music Industry †A Background Essay Example for Free

World Music Industry A Background EssayThere ar three major segments in the world symphony industriousness the industry that deals in the recorded music, the industry that is involved in the broadcasting of the already recorded music and the industry that attends to live performances. There are other less traitificant segments which are concerned with the broadcast rights for live performances and so on. Revenue is generated at each of these stages of the value chain. The earning of the tax revenue starts with a composer and lyricist with a song written and composed. In approximately cases the lyricist will sell the music on his own or he may square up to sell the rights may be transferred to another society. Then the song is played by the performers and at this signalize the revenues start flowing from two different directions one from the performance recorded in a studio apartment and the other from the live performances. In this process there are certain embodys in curred which makes the presence of the companies vary in the recording business as a prerequisite for channelizing the music performed.These costs include bell of rent for studio time and recording equipments Professional service charges payable for the sound engineers, technicians and operators Cost of transferring the recordings to tapes or compact discs and Cost of distributing the music as saleable commodities Since these costs are very high it is not possible to complete the value chain without the participation of these high profile companies. Usually these recording companies sign a contract with the performers.Under the contract the performer agrees to produce a certain number of recordings. The performer also agrees to take part in the promotion of the music growth and is also under an responsibility not to take part in recordings with other companies during the contract period. The record company undertakes to incur the cost of producing, duplicating, packaging, distri buting and marketing of the products. The record companies distribute the products to the retailers who further sells to the consumers.In this value chain the authorized listeners who purchase the music product by paying the specified charges as remuneration to the copyright holders share their copy of the product with other listeners who do not make any payment for listening to the music. Traditionally the occasions on which the copying of the music was done were less which was in an informal way by making unratified tapes to share with friends and relatives. In this case there will be no earnings for any party in the value chain including for the publishers, performers, recording companies and retailers.There may not be any revenue arising for the person who has purchased the product legally and this depends on whether he charges for the copies he makes for the use of his friends. With the rapid changed in technology, the conventional market for the music was changing its depend ence from cassettes, LPs, singles, compact discs, mini discs, MP3 and DVDs. These changes in the selling media have acted as strong barriers to the new entrants in to the market due to the reasons like The supranational distribution intercommunicate had proved very capital intensive involving huge investments.Despite the lifesize investments, there was always the risk that the network must suit to the sudden changes in the customers demand. This often necessitated the trading off of international rights to music to international distribution as a measure to avoid the risk of change in preferences. (Kretschmer et al. , 1999). There were large costs associated with the marketing of the music worldwide. Firms had to incur marketing expenditure running in to millions of dollars in this respect. This is unequivocal from the fact that releasing chart-bound albums have resulted in huge marketing costs in the national markets of UK and Germany.The radical of the products is so vulnera ble that sometimes as low as 10 percent of the music products would describe for almost 90 percent of the turnover and nobody could really assess the reasons for the success of certain products. (Caves, 2000) The rival from large players from other industries like consumer electronics, television and other media, entertainment and telecommunication industries using latest technologies of digital and networking also act as a barrier for new firms entering the music products market in the traditional set up. Examples of such organizations include the Time Warner, Disney, and Sony etc.

Pilot fatigue as a causal factor in aviation accidents Essay Example for Free

Pilot run down as a causative factor in breeze accidents EssayThis paper aims to delve into the processes and nucleuss of wing fatigue and its fibre as a causal factor in aviation accidents. Pilot fatigue as a term is hard to deposit since different kind of people feel it in different agencys and in certain degrees. For the manipulation of this paper, however, we will define vanish fatigue as a state of mental and physical enervation resulting in a decrease in the ability to manage and maintain activities. The paper will audition the causes of original fatigue, its effect to pilot performance in the aircraft and its role in causing aviation accidents. The sensation of fatigue is usually associated with two factors lack of sleep and disruption of the organic structures normal circadian rhythm. The occurrence of peerless and only(a) or both usually results in a feeling of sleepiness, tiredness and exhaustion. bingle of the most essential functions in the human bod y is sleep. repose is the main way by which the body receives rest and enables it to resume activities after wakening. The cause of sleep have been almost based mostly on the results felt with and without it. Generally, having the proper amount of sleep, about 6-8 hours, results in a feeling of well creation and freshness.Sleep exhalation means the time getting less sleep than what is required by the body to perform functions effectively upon awakening. The amount of sleep one needs to perform effectively varies per person, with some needing eight hours turn others put forward simply make do with four. If one needs scarce 4 hours, and he only sleeps two, two hours of sleep loss occurs. The first night of sleep loss whitethorn or may not have a perceptible impact on work activities and after additive sleep losses, the impact also increases. Sleep is one of the various body processes regulated by our circadian rhythm.The circadian rhythm deals with regulating processes based on cycles of night and day. When one alters the circadian rhythm, it disrupts the bodys natural cycle of rest and sleep. (Sanquist, Raby, Forsythe, Carvalhais, 1997) Fatigue effects are generally the bodys way of attempting to get some rest. These include drowsiness, lapsing in and out of sleep, reduced alertness and muscle coordination, loss of concentration and spotty memory. A languid person has sluggish movements, slow reaction times and a tendency to lose focus of the task at hand.Graver is the tendency to become unconscious for drawing periods of time, neglecting whatever action at hand. (Conway, Mode, Berman, Martin, Hill, 2005) In pilots, any one of these could lead to disaster. However, when a combination of them occurs, the risks bone dramatically. (Caldwell, 2005) Being a pilot exposes one to situations that result in fatigue. The schedule takes it toll. The paperwork and checks that a pilot has to suffer before the flight proper results in stress. However, it is t he flight itself which is the main factor for fatigue in pilots.The big flights leave a pilot almost no time for rest, much less sleep. The banality of spirit at controls aids in boring the pilot. Also, the travel of the plane may take it across one or more flight zones. One of the main indicators in the circadian rhythm is daylight. Taking a trip across time zones exposes the pilot to varying amounts of daylight in a single day. This is whats properly known as jet lag. (Petrie, Powell, Broadbent, 2004) A fatigued pilot may find it undemanding to succumb to the effects of fatigue during a flight. Bourgeois-Bougrine, Carbon, Gounelle, Mollard, Coblentz, 2003)The cabin pressure, the dim lights, the monotonous sounds, all this have the strength to lure a tired pilot to sleep. Although resting periods are prescribed during flight, no relaxing sleep is derived from them. (Samel, Vejvoda, Maass, 2004) Pilots may also succumb to boredom fatigue, when their tasks become dull and mono tonous. (Caldwell, 2001) Whatever discipline or training a pilot may have, it is no much to the needs of the body. It is true that as a pilot, one mustinessiness be at peak alertness and performance.The effect of fatigue disrupts this and would logically lead to a incumbrance in pilot activities. Once airborne, pilots must be vigilant in maintaining airspeed, altitude, pitch and course. In landing, they must be sure of themselves and their movements when banking, controlling the flaps and lowering the wheels. (Raymond Moser, 1995) Fatigue can make a pilot fail in any one of these tasks. This can cause aviation accidents. (Goode, 2003) However, data on the example cannot empirically say what role fatigue plays. The effects of fatigue may be causative to accidents, but these effects can be induced by other means.There have been many cases where pilot error was cited to be the cause of the crash. However the reasons behind those errors may or may not be due to fatigue. Also, even with a fatigued pilot, it is possible to rescind incidents. (Goode, 2003)Co-pilots are in place not just to assist, but when necessary, take over a pilot. Although no empirical data supports fatigue as a major cause of aviation incidents, the fact that it can lead to such events have conduct aviation industry officials to take precautionary measures to prevent as well as minimize the effect of fatigue and the risks it entails to both passenger and crew.Guidelines regarding scheduling, medication and on air conduct are aimed to reduce pilot fatigue and boredom. (Conway et al. , 2004) Ensuring that the pilot is rested and is free from fatigue does not ensure an incident-free flight, but it does minimize the risks that the effects of fatigue could lead to disaster. (Smith Mason, 2001) Research Log The first step that I did was to identify the topic. I chose fatigue in pilots and its role in accidents since I have often looked up to pilots and wishes to know what happens when they ar e fatigued when flying.I researched materials relevant to my topic, from books I had to the internet. I began my paper by clearly stating what I wanted to express,as to avoid confusion and backtracking by the reader. The definition of terms was next to aid the reader in digesting the paper. The body consisted of a cause, effect and thus role format. I presented the causes with the desire to impress upon the reader that fatigue happens to any one and everyone. I then enumerated the effects of fatigue to show how such a common event can lead to many risks.Next, particular focus was given to the pilots and their susceptibility to conditions leading to fatigue and conducive to its effects. Afterwards, I expressed that the effects of fatigue in pilots can lead to accidents. However, I refrained from directly pressing the role of fatigue since no data supports it directly. I used the effect of fatigue to show that since A causes B, then C which is caused by B is indirectly related to A. Afterwards, I wrapped up the paper with the measures being taken to prevent fatigue as well as a brief concluding statement.

Case Study Alim Leung Essay Example for Free

Case Study Alim Leung Essay1. The wrong of the psychological contract at the Atchison Corporation under the leadership of Jerome Atchison are of quality, equity, and loyalty. Jerome Atchinson expects his employees to produce quality hammer and create a good environment to graze in. Jerome Atchinson also expects his employees to uphold and maintain amply integrity even senior management could be discharged in cases of moral crime or dishonesty). obedience is the largest aspect of the psychological contract. Employees stay with the company for many years, if not their entire career. Managers are viewed in high regards and are rewarded the longer they remain with this company. In return, Jerome provides a family-orientated relationship with his employees, in which he protects and takes care of his employees, taking personal interests in the affairs of his employees. Everybody is an equal and an employees value is in the quality and dedication to his work2. I expect that ther e will be changes to this contract under the leadership of Prince Millman. I commit that innovation and creativity will become more important over quality and loyalty. It will be about what the employee can create rather than how he she created. The employee is Millman will expect his employees to continually strive to be better and compete with other companies. Instead of more of an equality approach similar to Atchinsons contract, Millman set competition among others. Employees may be rewarded for their ideas and change what they bring to the company while seniority and loyalty to the disfigurement are not as heavy of a=values.

World Luxury Goods Industry Essay Example for Free

World Luxury Goods Industry EssayLuxury goods cast off more than the ordinary and necessary characteristics comp atomic subject 18d to other products of their category. Their characteristics washbasin be divided into 6 parts Symbolism, Price, Extraordinariness, Rarity, aesthetics and Quality. The global merchandise size for the industry has been at a resurrectth lay of 9% per annum. This move has been substantiaten in the market since 1995 till 2000. The sumptuosity market took a hit from 2000 to 2004 when incidents worry the September 11 and SARS epidemic took place during those classs. The market was at a standstill till 2005 when it caught pace oer a extend to until the subprime financial crisis. Recent days the originateth regulate has been at 11% average and this has been happening since 2009. At 2013 the market is sized at Euro 212 one million million and has great potential going forward. The 10 % growth estimated for the market in 2013 represents the fou rth straight year following the great recession that high life goods revenues will grow one-yearly by double-digits. Americas region is also projected to benefit from the market, with revenues maturement by 13 pct by years end and Asia-Pacific sales particularly driven by China India be projected to grow by 18 percent.Growth in Europe is expected to be at 5 percent this year showing that the economic trends in these beas engender affected the market for luxury goods. It is estimated that the luxury goods market will grow, in real terms by 4-6% per year between 2013-2015 change magnitude the market to between 240 and 250 billion by 2015. at that place has been a shift towards online sales in this piece with this middling continuing to grow faster than the rest of the market, at 28% annual growth for the year and reaching close to 10b Euros, nearly 5% of total luxury sales which outsizer than the luxury revenues of Ger umteen.In online sales, shoes argon the top-perform ing category. This level of online penetration is when specks have to treat their online channel as a inviolate part of their competitive strategy, rather than an an extra source of revenue. When we see the different products types in the industry it is seen that the Accessories superiorlights the surpass performance all over the period 2007-2011 led by the emerging markets customers preferences with respect to luxury entrywayories. We see a shift in the market trend in apparels where the mens luxury sales increased by 16% in 2011 surpassing sales to woman.Mens luxury goods in 2011 accounted for 40% of the global luxury market up from 35 % in 1995. As you toilet see in figure above that the accessories and hard luxury goods have seen an increase in member. In the luxury goods market the Italian brands have increased to gain the braggyst market share of luxury sales, moving from 21% in 1995 to 24% in 2013 almost equalling cut brands market share of 25%. But in a consolidati ng market, French conglomerates are a ride force, owning 29% of the market compared to 25% in 1995. Key Figures Category Revenues Growth Forecast.2012 (est) 2012 Leather Goods 33bn 16% position 12 bn 13% Mens Apparel 26 bn 10% Womens Apparel 27 bn 9% Fragrances 20 bn 4% Cosmetics 23 bn 5% Jewelry 11 bn 13% Watches 35 bn 14% Total 212bn 10% The different players in this market are different for different product types like in the luxury watches segment it is Rolex, Omega etc, mens and womens apparels segment it is Armani, Burberry etc and leather goods segment it is LVMH, Ralph Lauren etc. Similarly many more in other segments and below are the different luxury goods brand with LVMH leading in revenue terms. Porters 5 forces model.THREAT OF NEW ENTRANT Capital Requirement The superior requirements for manu pointuring, setting up stores and maintaining them are all very high. The break-even for these brands is very high. Their marketing and management cost much(prenominal) as ren t, high salaries for craftsmen, heavy promotional activities etc. are very high too. A view indicated that they need to have 400 stores to develop a truly global presence. Brand Loyalty The brand image associated with luxury brands and the loyalty created with CRM programs and exceptional service levels is very high for existing brands in the market space.However, the industry has been experiencing declining brand loyalty in emerging markets since their purchases are driven by situation and show off motives and hence brand switching between brands perceived to have similar office is increasing. Nevertheless it takes considerable amount of magazine and expenditure to build its brand loyalty. Scale economies It has been observed that consolidation of brands in the luxury market help in achieving higher economies of scale.Consolidation helps in increasing dicker power with suppliers, obtaining operating synergies say in advertising etc., better financing options and risk managemen t through diversification in the brand portfolio of the companies. LVMH, PPR (Gucci), Prada Group, Richemont have all undergone consolidation. Exclusive access to suppliers and distributors Many brands in this segment have acquired their suppliers or have exclusive arrangements to protect their competitive advantage and insulate against rising costs in future. Also the numbers of distribution points are increasing as emerging markets are growing and luxury malls are coming up.For instance, LVMH acquired Leman Cadran and ArteCad SA- watch dial manufacturers and Delos Bottier, French artisan shoemaker. Retaliation from existing Cos- The mesomorphic established brands tend to retaliate against the smaller and refreshfuler brands by say preventing them from having access to multi-brand retailers. thitherfore we see that the panic of new entrant is high. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Middle price brands The growing mid ranged, high street brands demonstrate as a possible substitute to the lu xury brands. During economic crisis consumers tend to trade down. Counterfeit goods The manufacturing and sales of counterfeit goods from Countries like China is growing. Quality design increased internet accessibility and online shopping has make is easy for fast fashion brands to replicate designs and fashion trends of luxury brands within days/weeks of the fashion shows. There are no monetary switching costs to customers. However, at that place is a loss of prestige which is classical to luxury brand vendees. Therefore the threat of substitutes is moderate. BUYERS BARGAINING office staff Decreasing demoraliseer concentration The number of buyers relative to suppliers is increasing.Only 50% of the 1. 6 MN wealthy were as full 4 years ago. Level of dependency on buyer The industry is heavily dependent on top-tier customers, mostly on a small super affluent population. Celebrities etc. being early adopters can drive consumption but single buyers cannot determine prices. Switch ing costs There are mad switching costs involved. With introduction of loyalty programs and associated privileges, the switching costs have increased. Possibility of backward consolidation by customers is very low. So on the whole, the talk terms power of buyers is low.SUPPLIERS BARGAINING POWER Number of suppliers The raw materials are limited and exclusive. There are limited high skilled workers and there is also growing shortage since not many youngsters are willing to learn. For instance, Couture-level embroiderers in France have dropped from ten thousand in 1920 to 200 in 2013. Level of Dependency whatsoever key components and materials are outsourced. For eg LV outsources its monogram leather, in 2012, Chanel ordered gigantic chuck of leather from a supplier in case they wouldnt hold more.Supply substitutes Most materials are highly specialized and voiceless to substitute. Switching costs to new suppliers are high since the role is at risk and there is a past coordina ting experience which is important. frontward integration possibility is very low since the luxury groups are much more experienced and wealthier than their suppliers. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate to high. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY Competitive structure The industry has an oligopoly structure since it is dominated by hardly a(prenominal) large independent players.LVMH, Richemont and PPR Gucci are the big three. Demand conditions The occupy is growing and will grow at a relatively high pace as China and Hong Kong markets grow further. Exit Barriers Some brand exist despite the fact that they do not make any/much earnings due to emotional reasons. For instance, Christian Lacroix hasnt made any profit in 22 years. There are nigh highly specialised supply chain components that may be very difficult to sell. Chanel has 6 atelier darts under it which has no alternative usage. The rivalry among existing opposition is high. Luxury Goods-Developed Countries Overview.Th ere is so much talk near China, Brazil and other emerging markets as the future of luxury market period there is some truth to it we cannot ignore the developed markets. The reliable growth and hot spot for luxury goods is still in the developed countries. American region is the business leader of luxury expending it grew at 4% in 2013 compared to 2012. There has been growth in the number of new store opening in tire two cities in these developed countries going to show that companies see potential in the smaller region and there is increase of disposable income in the smaller cities.Visitors from ontogenesis countries still prefer to buy luxury goods from the developed countries this has also led to an increase in the demand of luxury goods in the developed countries. According to Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study Spring 2013 there are significant regional differences in the luxury market developed countries and all of them have their bizarre differences. Some of them are E urope will see 2% growth in the luxury spending in the next few years, with increasing spending by tourists even though there is glare spending by European nationals.Tourist spending is driving half of revenues in Italy, 55% of revenues in the U. K. , and 60% of revenues in France. Japan has experience a decline in luxury spending by 12%. Although in real terms, the consumption has increased as the country has emerged out of stagflation. The Middle einsteinium continues to be relatively strong, with a 5% growth. The demand for Luxury goods remain strong in Dubai, while Saudi Arabia is also gaining share to become the regions second largest luxury market.As these countries are oil rich they like the flamboyance and luxury. Online sales, of Luxury goods have gained popularity in the last few years in the developed countries. They are growing faster than the brick and mortar stores, turning in 28% annual growth for last year and reaching close to 10 billion Euros. In online sales, sh oes are the top-performing category. With online penetration high, brands should treat their online channel as an integral part of their overall channel strategy, rather than an yet an another source of additional revenue.According to the Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study finds accessories, including leather goods and shoes, have definitively become the largest segment, growing 4% for 2013 to reach 28% of the total revenues. Apparel is now a attract of the market, growing at 1%, Apparel was very popular couple of years ago. Perfumes and cosmetics had a 2% growth in 2013. Luxury cars, wine and spirits, hotels, in-home and out-of-home food, home furnishings, and yachts all show growth, with luxury cars, wine and spirits, and hotels outpacing in-person luxury goods and leading to an overall 2013 market of 800 billion of affluent spending, up 6% over 2012.compared to 25% in 1995.The luxury goods market in the developed countries is becoming very complex and in some areas is startin g to fashion like the fast-moving consumer goods Industry. Brands have to adapt themselves by bringing in the level of luxuriant customer insight to standout of the clutter. While this Industry is still showing steady but not libertine growth, brands need to adjust to a new set of scientific tools in order to keep up with other markets.CAGE Framework for Developed Countries Cultural Luxury Goods Industry in Developed countries over the years have matured and have formed definite distribution channels where most of the time they try cross selling to their existing buyers. However new customers enter the market, they account to an addition of 1%-3% of the total population involved in the luxury goods instry In Developed countries Culture is often considered with income level to follow a trend related to luxury goods.Considering a people with zero income level when shifts to a income level and wants to buy a luxury good his decision is dependent upon the income he is currently earni ng and the cultivation he is following in the ratio of 32. Administrative Initially as taxes were collected in the form of luxury tax from the customers in developed countries, they were indifferent to it as they had a considerable large amount of disposable income.Over the years as people entered the luxury market they got affected by such high rates. The government how of such countries depend on these taxes as they generate a large amount of revenue. Geographical Most of the developed countries are the manufactures of these luxury goods they tend to be cheaper in these countries. As the demand of the countries is very high they tend to acquire the fixed costs at an early stage, posterior just trying to recover the variable cost making it cheaper.Most of these developed countries have access to superior products used in manufacturing these products thence making the end products to be easily manufactured and thus slashing the rates, thus inducing more customers to buy the produ ct Economic Differences gross domestic product and per capita income of the developed countries is high compared to other emerging countries. Thus showing they have a higher disposable income and standard of aliveness is high proving that they can afford luxury goods as their basic necessities of life is fulfilled. Luxury Goods-Developing Countries Overview.When we talk about developing economies we will be taking into account Brazil China and look at the luxury goods market in these two economies. Almost half of the luxury goods produced worldwide are sold in the emerging markets with China leading the way. The luxury goods market has seen tremendous growth in China whereas the identical growth hasnt been replicated in India Brazil because of some regulatory issues (high import duties). Looking at China, the GDP has been growing at almost 10% y-o-y which has been increasing the denomination of wealthy Chinese in the country.When you look at the Luxury market, the Asia-pacific r egion has been the best performer with a growth rate of 25% in 2011 and accounting for about 29% of the worldwide revenues. The growth of this market in China has been tremendous which can also be perpetrate down to the fact that many e-commerce players have come in to contest which give the digital consumers a chance to make use of the price advantage. The market has been helped by the fact that there has been a shift in the mentality of the Chinese people wherein they want the real jostle now rather than settling for the counterfeited goods.In addition to this due to the weakening Euro and the increase in the number of upper class citizens the Chinese people have been undertaking more and more overseas trips which in turn has increased the revenues for the Luxury market. Now coming to Brazil, the luxury goods market was about 2. 7 billion dollars in 2012, and the expected growth rate was estimated to be about 15-25% for the next five years which was put down to the fact that it has become the 7th largest economy in the world the purchasing power and the income rate for an average Brazilian is growing.Brazil now has 36 billionaires 165,000 millionaires out of which about 50% are below the age of 35, which will help boost the luxury goods market in the country. Now because of the unique service that are being provided to the consumers in Brazil, also the payment plan by installments and also the fact that a huge number of showrooms are being opened in the country the consumers are willing to buy the luxury goods for which they had to go abroad in the earlier days. STRATEGY STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE STRATEGY strategical approach to product offer and price positioning.Focusing on the E-commerce platform as well in order to cater to the increasing number of digital consumers Opening up of new stores and availability of quality products easily. Focus on the retail chains in order to aid the distribution as this is the highest grossing medium (Omni-channel Reta iling). Increase of scale in order to improve margins. Shift towards the accessories sector as this has the highest growth rate amongst the Luxury goods market. Store experience. Real time communication between the brand and the consumer via blogs communities.Off-price outlets. Consolidation. Diversification. STRUCTURE Oligopoly Very few luxury groups dominate the market. Large number of small individual brands. Individual brands being introduced by the large market players. Big Three LVMH Richemont PPR Gucci PERFORMANCE A CAGR of +25% in China for the luxury goods revenues over the period 2008-11. A CAGR of +18. 3% in China for E-commerce buys during the period 2007-10. 31% increase in constant value terms for Brazil, 72% for China 86% for India over the period 2008-13.

Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay Example for Free

Balanced Diet for an Adult try out fodder is an integral part of human life providing energy for cellular activities to keep us wellnessy. correspond to World Health Organization (2013), healthy alimentation is ingesting an adequate and well equilibrate diet in relation to the bodys dietetical needs and when combined with regular physical activities is the cornerstone to considerably health. A diet containing the right portions of all the five nourishment groups of the Eatwell Plate (figure1 and appendix1 for recommended servings) known as a balanced diet will provide the organic macronutrients including proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and the micronutrients, vitamins and minerals to sustain life. Only ingested carbohydrates, proteins and lipids will count towards heart and soul caloric intake and will be digested into monomers like glucose for concentration and assimilation. home(a) Health Service (2012) recommends periodic caloric intake of 2500Kcal and 2000Kcal which will be derived from the proteins, lipids and carbohydrate sources in a diet for average with child(p) males and females separately.Age, sex, health condition and physical activities influence dietary needs. This essay will discuss a balanced diet for an magnanimous including the structure, sources, functions, recommended daily allowance (RDAs), deficiency and repletionive effects of the macronutrients. Also the micronutrients and peeing which atomic number 18 not considered as nutrients will be discussed.THE FOOD PYRAMIDpicFigure1(NHS 2011)Carbohydrates contain ampere-second, hydrogen and atomic number 8. British f ar tail end (2013), recommends that 47.7% (203g) and 48.5% (275g) of daily energy should come from carbohydrates for females and males respectively with 29g being roughages. Carbohydrates exist naturally or smashing as monosaccharides that argon reducing prizes. Monosaccharides build the complex carbohydrates, disaccharides and polysaccharides through d ehydration synthesis. Monosaccharides have general edict (CH2O)n where n determines whether pentose(5Carbons) or hexose (6Carbons). Glucose found in maple syrup, fructose in corn syrup and galactose in honey be hexose-i approximatelyrs having the same formula, C6H12O6 but different structures.The disaccharides with the general formula C12H22O11 atomic number 18 sucrose make from fructose and glucose, malt sugar from two glucose molecules and lactose from galactose and glucose. Sucrose is derived from beet sugar, lactose from milk and maltose from vinegar. The polysaccharides with general formula (C6H10O5)n where 40n3000, exist as starch or non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) which john be soluble or insoluble. Starch consists of glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds.The NSPs include oligosaccharide (raffinose) and cellulose (dietary fibre). Potatoes, yams and cassava are rich in starch and are very digestible. Whole grain cereals, legumes (appendix2), fruits and storage ve ge fudges like asparagus and cabbage are rich in the NSPs. Raffinose is an indigestible trisaccharide of fructose,glucose and galactose with formula C18H32O16. Animal sources of carbohydrates are liver and scallops.Carbohydrates provide fragrance and are the primary source of energy especially for brain and blood cells. Cellular respiration converts glucose monomers into ATP. Fats crappernot be oxidised without glucose. Most NSPs are partially digestible or indigestible due to lack of -galactosidae (enzyme) in GI Tract. They reduce glycaemia index and plasma cholesterol levels, addition bile acid excretion, promote usual laxation and forbid breast cornerstonecer, gallstones, haemorrhoids, and irritable bowel syndrome (Kumar et all 2012).Further much, Kumar (2012) concluded that supernumeraryive carbohydrates will bm dental decay, kidney damage, stroke, diabetes due to obesity and short term conditions like hyperglycaemia. Carbohydrate deficiency will capture constipation, plenteousigue, weak immunity, muscle cramps and ketosis this is very rare as 50g/day of carbohydrate is need to prevent ketosis.THE DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO FORM MALTOSEpicFigure2EQUATION (C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = C12H22O11 + H2O)(Marshall University 2012)Proteins or polypeptides consist of three to 100000 or more long chains of the organic molecules called amino acids joined together by covalent peptide bonds. A protein of two amino acids is called a dipeptide. There are 20 common forms of amino acids either termed non-essential (synthesised by the liver) and essential that needs to be ingested. Proteins consist of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, amino group (-NH2), Carboxylic group (-COOH) and the variable R group (figure3).The term amino acid is derived from the amino and carboxyl groupic groups that all amino acids have in common. According Kuil (2012), principal sources of proteins are lean meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, cereals, legumes (refer to appendix3), cereals and process food like low- gamy milk.Proteins form about 45% of human body and perform the following vii essential functions structural (hair, ligaments), contractile (muscles), transport (haemoglobin), metabolic regulation (enzymes), buffering, defence (antibodies) and coordination and control (hormones) (Martini 2006). Haemoglobin transports oxygen and a lack of protein (haemoglobin) can deny vital organs the needed oxygen for metabolism.Protein deficiency can also cause changeigue, anaemia, weak immunity, skin problems, impairment of cognition and mental health problems. Whereas excessive proteins can cause obesity, osteoporosis and kidney stones (Georgetown University 2012). About 15% of an adults caloric intake should come from protein equivalent to 56g and 46g for male and female respectively (Centre for Diseases check up on and Prevention, 2012).DEHYDRATION OF AMINO ACIDS TO FORM DIPEPTIDE PROTEINSpicFigure3(Marshall University 2012)Lipids are made up of an even number of ca rbon from 12 to 20, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes traces of phosphorus, sulphur or nitrogen. Lipids are grouped into 4 steroids, phospholipids, waxes and glycerides. Most of the 70 identified lipids are synthesised by the body whereas linoleic (omega6) and alpha-linolenic (omega3) acids are two essential lipids to be ingested.They are mostly insoluble due to the long chain of hydrophobic carbon-carbon end bonded to a short hydrophilic carboxyl group. The double covalent bond, (C=C) determines whether saturated (no C=C) or monounsaturated (1 C=C) or polyunsaturated (2 or more C=C). Glycerides are made up of glycerol bonded to 1 or more fatty acids by dehydration synthesis, triglyceride with 3 fatty acids is the predominant of the lipids (refer figure4). Unsaturated sources of lipids are olive oil, peanut, salmon, halibut and avocados. Saturated sources are butter, sausage and hydrogenated oil.According to British Dietetic fellowship (2013), adults should consume not more than 20- 30g of saturated-fat with 5g or little being trans-fat since saturated lipids are high in cholesterol. The structural lipids form cell membranes. Also fat cushions and protects organs including liver, heart, and kidney, energy source twice as much as carbohydrates and proteins, thermoregulation (insulation), sex hormones, transport vitamins and monounsaturated fat can decrease cholesterol levels (USA division of Agriculture, 2010). Excessive consumption of lipids will lead to obesity which is characterised by high BMI as shown in appendix 2, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, colorectal cancer and diabetes, whereas deficiency will response in the body lacking the vital vitamins A,D,E and K (Schenker, 2012).DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO FORM TRIGLYCERIDEpicFigure4(Marshall University 2012)The micronutrients, vitamins and minerals are needed in minute quantities. Minerals can be classified as major or trace of which a few are essential including sodium, thou, magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, and so on (refer to appendix4 for RDAs). According to Higdon and Drake (2011), sources of minerals are plants that derive them from the soil and move on the food chain to the herbivores like cattle that eat them. Spinach, legumes, whole grains, dairy products, red meat, soybeans, salmon, cod, iodized table salt (iodine, sodium, chlorine) and eggs are excellent sources of minerals.According to Whitley and Rolfes (2011), minerals perform the following functions the electrolytes, sodium, potassium and chlorine publicize nerve impulses, control fluid balance (providing optimum pH for enzyme activities), control blood pressure and slack and contract muscles. atomic number 30, copper and selenium are antioxidants they reduce the risk of heart diseases. Iron forms haemoglobin. Sodium and potassium coregulate ATP production. Calcium and phosphorus control blood clotting and together with magnesium build bones, teeth, verify muscle and nerve cells. Iodine is needed for the production of thyroxin deficiency will cause goitre.Since some minerals are coenzymes, deficiency will cause malfunctioning cellular activities (digestion, metabolism). Iron deficiency causes anaemia whereas calcium, phosphorus and magnesium (hypocalcaemia) deficiency will cause osteoporosis. Calcium, magnesium and the electrolytes deficiencies will cause weakness, muscle cramps and impaired alertness. Zinc deficiency causes diarrhoea, skin and prostate cancers. Their intake should be balanced with use and excretion as excess may cause Hyperkalaemia (potassium), kidney-stones (calcium) and hypernatremia (sodium).Vitamins are grouped into water soluble (WSV) including C and B complex vitamins they cannot be stored and therefore, it is imperative to be part of a balanced diet, and fat soluble (FS) including vitamins K,E,D, and A they can be stored (refer appendix 5 for RDA). Green leafy vegetables (lettuce), oranges, kiwi fruit, avocados, whole grains and cereals, banana, dairy pr oducts, liver, poultry, pork, oily fish, eggs, soybeans, chickpeas and cockamamie are excellent sources of the vitamins (Firth 2011). Vitamin K can be synthesised in the intestine which helps the blood clot whereas Vitamin D can be synthesised by the body using sunlight to help the absorption of calcium and phosphorus (Cranney et al (2010). Vitamins A and C build immunity. Vitamins B1,B2,B3, and biotin help release energy.Vitamin A, niacin and pantothenic acid aid the absorption and use of macronutrients monomers. Vitamin C makes collagen and enhances folate absorption. Vitamin deficiency generally causes weak immunity and osteoporosis (Vitamin D), scurvy (Vitamin C), beriberi (B1), anaemia (B12 and folate) and dark blindness (Vitamin A). Excessive amounts of vitamins E and K are usually not harmful but excess A,D and the WSV which can be excreted cause kidney problems and hypercalcaemia (excess D). Excessive vitamin C causes diarrhoea (NHS 2012).In conclusion, spending overly on supplements and creams as well as engaging in dangerous diets like the Atkins Diet are not necessary. The secret to healthy living is carefully selecting the right proportions of food from the Eatwell plate, drinking enough water in combination with regular exercises. Figure 5 and appendix 6 show functions of water. Consider the positives and negatives when selecting food products such as red meat rich in protein but high in cholesterol whereas fatty fish enhances calcium absorption.Soybean, liver, green leafy vegetables, whole grains and legumes will provide almost all the nutrients combine them in your diet in right proportions for optimal hormonal, metabolic, mental and physical functions of the body. It is important to concern a doctor before starting any diet as nutritional needs are affected by health and some medications affect absorption of nutrients.FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN THE dustpicFigure 5Mayo infrastructure for Medical Education and Research, 2013LIST OF APPENDIXESAPP ENDIX 1FOOD GROUPSERVINGS PER mean solar day Carbohydrates including bread, pasta, rice, potatoes and other starchy foods 6-10 servings Fruits and vegetables 3-5 servings Meat, fish, eggs, beans and roughened 2-3 servings Milk and dairy foods 2-3 servings Food and drinks high in fat and/or in sugar Use sparingly University of Michigan Integrative medicament, 2010APPENDIX 2 OBESITY AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)BMI LEVEL OF OBESITY Below 18.5 Underweight From 18.5-24.9 Healthy Range From 25-30 Pre Obese to a higher place 30 Obese NHS, 2012APPENDIX 3 FOOD GROUPS AND EXAMPLESFOOD GROUP EXAMPLES Legumes Beans, Lentils, Peas, Chickpeas, French beans, Kidney , soybeans, Coco beans etc. Whole grains Barley, Corn, Millet, Oats, Rice, Milo, Wheat Green leafy vegetables Spinach, Broccoli, Lettuce, Cabbage, Mustard green, Kale examples APPENDIX 4 MINERALS AND THEIR RDASYMBLE SOURCES RDA Na (Sodium) postpone Salt, Sea vegetables, spinach, milk 6g Ca (Calcium) Salmon, Sardine, eggs, dairy products, nuts, oregano 700mg K (Potassium) Spinach, legumes, tomatoes, banana, avocado, whole grains and 3500mg yams P (Phosphate) Fish, poultry, oats, rice, red meat, 700mg Fe (Iron) Eggs, spinach, shrimps, soybeans, lentils, tomatoes, olives, M=8.7mg / F=4.8mg tomatoes Mg (Magnesium) Spinach, soybean, sea vegetables, tomatoes, beans, brazil nutsM=300mg / F=270mg I (Iodine) Eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, yoghurt, strawberries, iodised 0.14mg salt Se (Selenium) Cod, salmon, garlic, lamb, cheese, calf liver, barley, brazil 75mcg nuts Zn (Zinc) Calf liver, spinach, eggs, oats, oyster, lean pork and beef, M=5.5-9.5mg / F=4-7mg asparagus USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health, 2010APPENDIX 5 VITAMINS AND THEIR RDASVITAMIN SOURCES RDA vitamin A1 (A) Liver, fish oil, carotenoids, milk beef up M=0.7mg / F=0.6mg Ascorbic acid (C) Citrus (oranges), kiwi fruit, broccoli 40mg thiamine (B1) Liver, pork, whole grains and products M=1mg / F=0.8mg Ribo flavin (B2) Liver, eggs, milk, rice, mushrooms M=1.3mg / F=1.1mg Niacin (B3) Poultry, fish, beef, peanut butter, legumes M=17mg / F=13mg Pyridoxine (B6) Liver, pork, legumes, fish, whole grains M=1.4mg / F=1.2mg Cobalamin (B12) Beef, poultry, cod, salmon, cheese, eggs 0.0015mg Vitamin E Vegetable oil, green vegetables, nuts 12mg Folate Broccoli, peas, asparagus, brown rice 0.2mg Pantothenic acid Milk, fruits, veggies, meat, fish, grains 10mg Biotin Cottage cheese, liver, eggs, peanut, grain 300mcg Vitamin K Green vegetables, fruits, nuts 75mg Note that Vitamin K can be synthesised in the intestine whereas Vitamin D can be derived salmon, fortified cereals and juices, milk and sunlight (No RDA but 15minutes in the sun thrice a week is enough) USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health, 2010APPENDIX 6 RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE FOR WATERSEX RDA FOR WATER manful 3.7L with no upper limit increase with exercise to rehydrate FEMALE 2.7L with no upper limit increase with exercise to rehydrate and increase intake when breast feeding. INSTITUTE OF MEDICENE 2004REFERENCE LISTONLINE British Dietetic Association (2013) Food fact sheet cholesterol Online uncommitted from http//www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/cholesterol.pdf Accessed on 20/02/2013. British Nutrition Foundation (2013) Confusion on fat and heart health Online. Available from http//www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritioninthenews/headlines/fats Accessed on 20/02/2013. Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (2012) Nutrition for everyone Protein Online Available from http//www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html Accessed on 19/12/2013. Cranney et al, (2007) Effectiveness and recourse of vitamin D in relation to bone health Online Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18088161?dopt=Abstract Accessed on20/02/2013. play of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. (2004) dietetic reference intakes Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Sulphate. Washington DC make for of Medicine. Online. 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